簡介
本文主要介紹了在華為云上如何使用彈性云服務器的Linux實例手工搭建LNMP平臺的web環境。該指導具體操作以CentOS 7.2 64位操作系統為例。
前提條件
彈性云服務器所在安全組添加了如下表所示的安全組規則,具體步驟參見為安全組添加安全組規則
表1?安全組規則
操作步驟
1、安裝nginx。
a:登錄彈性云服務器。
b:執行以下命令,下載對應當前系統版本的nginx包。
wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
c:執行以下命令,建立nginx的yum倉庫。
rpm -ivh nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
d:執行以下命令,安裝nginx。
yum -y install nginx
e:執行以下命令,啟動nginx并設置開機啟動。
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
f:使用瀏覽器訪問 “http://服務器IP地址”,顯示如下頁面,說明nginx安裝成功。
2、安裝MySQL。
a:依次執行以下命令,安裝MySQL。
rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql-community-server
b:依次執行以下命令,啟動MySQL服務并設置開機自啟動。
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl enable mysqld
c:執行以下命令,獲取安裝MySQL時自動設置的root用戶密碼。
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
d:回顯如下類似信息。
2018-08-29T07:27:37.541944Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2YY?3uHUA?Ys
e:執行以下命令,并按照回顯提示信息進行操作,加固MySQL。
mysql_secure_installation
注意:以下是修改數據庫的密碼
Securing the MySQL server deployment.
Enter password for user root:? ? #輸入上一步驟中獲取的安裝MySQL時自動設置的root用戶密碼
The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
New password:? #設置新的root用戶密碼
Re-enter new password:? #再次輸入密碼
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.
Estimated strength of the password: 100
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N? #是否更改root用戶密碼,輸入N
... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.
Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y? #是否刪除匿名用戶,輸入Y
Success.
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y? #禁止root遠程登錄,輸入Y
Success.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y? #是否刪除test庫和對它的訪問權限,輸入Y
- Dropping test database...
Success.
- Removing privileges on test database...
Success.
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y? #是否重新加載授權表,輸入Y
Success.
All done!
3、安裝PHP。
a:依次執行以下命令,安裝PHP 7和一些所需的PHP擴展。
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum -y install php70w-tidy php70w-common php70w-devel php70w-pdo php70w-mysql php70w-gd php70w-ldap php70w-mbstring php70w-mcrypt php70w-fpm
b:執行以下命令,驗證PHP的安裝版本。
php -v
c:回顯如下類似信息:
PHP 7.0.31 (cli) (built: Jul 20 2018 08:55:22) ( NTS )Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP GroupZend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
d:執行以下命令,啟動PHP服務并設置開機自啟動。
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
e:修改nginx配置文件以支持PHP。
f:執行以下命令打開配置文件“default.conf”。
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
g:按i鍵進入編輯模式。
h:修改打開的“default.conf”文件。
在所支持的主頁面格式中添加php格式的主頁,如下所示:
location / {? ? ? ??
????????root? /usr/share/nginx/html;? ? ? ??
????????index?index.php?index.html index.htm;
?}
取消如下內容的注釋,并設置字體加粗部分為nginx的默認路徑,如下圖所示:
location~\.php$ {? ? ? ??
????????root? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? html;? ? ? ??
????????fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;? ? ? ?
? ? ? ? fastcgi_index? index.php;? ? ? ??
????????fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_FILENAME/usr/share/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;? ? ? ? ????????include? ? ? ? fastcgi_params;? ??
}
按Esc鍵退出編輯模式,并輸入:wq保存后退出。
執行以下命令,重新載入nginx的配置文件。
service nginx reload
i:瀏覽器訪問測試。
在/usr/share/nginx/html/目錄下創建“info.php”的測試頁面。
執行以下命令創建并打開“info.php”的測試文件。
vim /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php
按i鍵進入編輯模式。
修改打開的“info.php”文件,將如下內容寫入文件。
<?php
????????phpinfo();
?>
按Esc鍵退出編輯模式,并輸入:wq保存后退出。
使用瀏覽器訪問“http://服務器IP地址/info.php”,顯示如下頁面,說明環境搭建成功。