如果讓時光倒流,我還是愿意童年幕天席地,玩水摸魚踩泥巴,爬樹滾草打秋千,怎么歡樂怎么玩。
因為都市的柏油路太硬,踩不出足跡,孩子們上幼兒園更受拘束。如果有這樣一家位于日本滿足兒童野蠻生長的幼兒園,那我的選擇就不一樣了。
這家幼兒園設計于2007年,樓頂環狀循環,沒有盡頭,因為小孩子喜歡兜圈。
01 自由奔跑
這座建筑圓周為183米,一個男孩在早上能跑6000米。
And the circumference of this building is 183 meters. A boy ran 6,000 meters in the morning.
更令人驚奇的是,這個幼兒園的孩子平均跑4000米 ,跟其他幼兒園的小孩相比,有最高的運動能力。
幼兒園園長說:“我不去訓練他們。 我們把他們放在樓頂,就像羊群一樣, 他們一直跑。
The principal of the kindgarden said:"I don't train them. We leave them on top of the roof. Just like sheep." They keep running.
02 自由玩耍
幼兒園迫于政府壓力為屋頂裝了欄桿,在突出來的三棵樹邊,裝網為欄桿。
The kindgarden was made a handrail for the roof under the government'force. It also had a net sticking out from the edge of the trees, So that it can catch the children falling off.
這張網變成了孩子們的樂園, 有時會有40個小孩故意掉進去。一個男孩因為很喜歡一棵樹,還啃樹皮。
要是有活動,孩子們會坐在樓頂邊上,樓頂設計得夠低,從下往上看真不錯,一群動物園的猴子。
And at the time of an event, they sit on the edge.
地面還裝了各種水龍頭,想往朋友身上灑水還有沐浴噴頭。一個男孩在水龍頭下不洗靴子,而是往靴子里灌水。
一年里,這個幼兒園大部分時間都是完全開放的,戶內和戶外沒有限界。
This kindergarten is completely open most of the year. And there is no boundary between inside and outside.
簡單來說,這個建筑物就只是一個屋頂,室外和室內之間也沒有限界,所以孩子們不會覺得緊張。Basically this architecture is a roof. And also there is no boundary between classrooms, So children don't get nervous.
幼兒園園長說:“要是邊上的男孩不想呆在室內,我們就讓他出去,他會回來的,這里就一個圓圈,總會繞回來。”
The principal says if the boy in the corner doesn't want to stay in the room, we let him go. He will come back eventually, because it's a circle, it comes back.03 自由學習
每個教室至少有一個天窗,圣誕節里圣誕老人就是從這里下來的。
Each classroom has at least one skylight. And this is where Santa Claus comes down at the time of Christmas.
教室之間是用木頭做的抽屜隔斷的,孩子們本該幫老師們忙,可他們卻坐到里面玩。
The classrooms were divided by wooden . Children were supposed to help teachers. They just played with them.
教室還有洗手盆,他們在洗手盆邊聊天。教室里總會有些樹,猴孩子試著把另一個猴孩子釣下去。
And there was a washbasin in each classroom. They talk to each other around the well. And there are always some trees in the classroom. A monkey trying to fish another monkey from above.
在這個幼兒園,聲音沒有界限,但孩子們在課堂里表現出驚人的集中力。
In this kindergarten, the sound had no boundry. But these children show amazing concentration in class.
因為我們的祖先是在森林出生,我們本來就不應該生活在無聲狀態下。而孩子們在噪音中會學得更好,睡得更香。
Because our kind grew up in the jungle with noise. You are not supposed to be in silence. And the children can learn and sleep better in noise.
我們既沒有在夏天被曬化,也沒有在雨天被淋化。因此孩子們也應該在戶外帶著,我們應該這樣對待他們。
We never melt in rain or in the sun, so children are supposed to be outside, that is how we should treat them.
04 真正的生活
還有一座附樓,就在橢圓形幼兒園旁邊。這座建筑只有5米高,共七層。
當然天花高度很低,所以必須考慮安全問題。孩子們試著跑進去,有時撞到頭。但沒事,他們的復原能力很強。
And of course, the ceiling height is very low. So you have to consider safety. They tried to go in. And sometimes hit the head. But it's okay, they're resilient.
現今,小孩子需要嘗試一些輕微危險的滋味,在這種情況下,他們學會互相幫助,這就是小社會。
Today, kids need a small dosage of danger. And in this kind of occasion, they learn to help each other. This is society. This is the kind of opportunity we are losing these days.
設計師認為不要去控制孩子,也不要過分保護。他們有時需要跌倒,也需要受一點傷,那樣會讓他們學習如何在這個世界生存。
他認為建筑是能夠改變這個世界的。建筑能改變人們的生活,這也是改變孩子們生活的一種嘗試!
這個開放式的幼兒園既能讓孩子們在里面自由地奔跑、玩耍、學習,同時還教會他們什么才是真正的生活,孩子們值得擁有。
注:本文英文稿源于日本建筑師手塚貴晴(Takaharu Tezuka)在 TED 上做的一次演講,譯稿參考了河工城規資料館的作品,為再創作。
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