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什么是View Binding

View Binding是Android Studio 3.6推出的新特性，目的是為了替代findViewById(內部實現(xiàn)還是使用findViewById)。。在啟動視圖綁定后，系統(tǒng)會為改模塊中的每個xml文件生成一個綁定類，綁定類的實例包含對在相應布局中具有 ID 的所有視圖的直接引用。

View Binding 的優(yōu)點

Null 安全：由于視圖綁定會創(chuàng)建對視圖的直接引用，因此不存在因視圖 ID 無效而引發(fā) Null 指針異常的風險。此外，如果視圖僅出現(xiàn)在布局的某些配置中，則綁定類中包含其引用的字段會使用 @Nullable 標記。
類型安全：每個綁定類中的字段均具有與它們在 XML 文件中引用的視圖相匹配的類型。這意味著不存在發(fā)生類轉換異常的風險。

如何啟用View Binding 功能

android {
        ...
        viewBinding {
            enabled = true
        }
    }
}

如果想在生成綁定類時忽略某個布局文件，將 tools:viewBindingIgnore="true" 屬性添加到相應布局文件的根視圖中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:viewBindingIgnore="true"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

怎么去使用View Binding

為用視圖綁定功能后，系統(tǒng)會為該模塊中包含的每個 XML 布局文件生成一個綁定類。這個類的類名是以xml布局文件名去掉下?lián)Q線后，單詞首字母大寫加上Binding命名的。如activity_main.xml生成的類ActivityMainBinding.

如何在Activity中設置綁定，請在 Activity 的 onCreate() 方法中執(zhí)行以下步驟：

調用生成的綁定類中包含的靜態(tài) inflate() 方法。此操作會創(chuàng)建該綁定類的實例以供 Activity 使用。
通過調用 getRoot() 方法或使用 Kotlin 屬性語法獲取對根視圖的引用。
將根視圖傳遞到 setContentView()，使其成為屏幕上的活動視圖。

//activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:text="這是按鈕"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

//MainActivity.java
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private ActivityMainBinding binding;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //關鍵代碼
        binding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(getLayoutInflater());
        View rootView = binding.getRoot();
        setContentView(rootView);
        //如何使用
        binding.textView.setText("這是修改的");
        binding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.d("Main","點擊了按鈕");
            }
        });

    }
}

如何在 Fragment 中使用視圖綁定請在 Fragment 的 onCreateView()方法中執(zhí)行以下步驟(注意：Fragment 的存在時間比其視圖長。請務必在 Fragment 的 onDestroyView() 方法中清除對綁定類實例的所有引用。)

調用生成的綁定類中包含的靜態(tài) inflate() 方法。此操作會創(chuàng)建該綁定類的實例以供 Fragment 使用。
通過調用 getRoot() 方法或使用 Kotlin 屬性語法獲取對根視圖的引用。
從 onCreateView() 方法返回根視圖，使其成為屏幕上的活動視圖。

如果view已經創(chuàng)建可以在onViewCreated()中使用bind(view)方法。官方示例

//fragment_my.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:text="這是Fragment按鈕"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="這是FragmentTextView"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/button"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
  private FragmentMyBinding binding;

  public MyFragment() {

  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

  }

  @Override
  public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                           Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      binding = FragmentMyBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false);
      return binding.getRoot();
  }

  @Override
  public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
      binding.textView.setText("這是Fragment");
      binding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
          @Override
          public void onClick(View view) {
              Log.d("Fragment", "點擊了按鈕");
          }
      });
  }

  @Override
  public void onDestroy() {
      super.onDestroy();
      binding = null;
  }

//在onViewCreated中使用View Binding
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
  private FragmentMyBinding binding;

  public MyFragment() {

  }

  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

  }

  @Override
  public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                           Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_my,container,false);
  }

  @Override
  public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
      FragmentMyBinding binding = FragmentMyBinding.bind(view);
      this.binding = binding;

      binding.textView.setText("這是Fragment");
      binding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
          @Override
          public void onClick(View view) {
              Log.d("Fragment", "點擊了按鈕");
          }
      });
  }

  @Override
  public void onDestroy() {
      super.onDestroy();
      binding = null;
  }

使用View Binding 寫的基類

通過反射的方式

//Java
public class BaseActivity<T extends ViewBinding> extends AppCompatActivity {
  protected T viewBinding;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
      Class cls = (Class) type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
      try {
          Method inflate = cls.getDeclaredMethod("inflate", LayoutInflater.class);
          viewBinding = (T) inflate.invoke(null, getLayoutInflater());
          setContentView(viewBinding.getRoot());
      } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException| InvocationTargetException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }
  }
}

//使用

public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity<ActivityMainBinding> {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        viewBinding.button.setText("這是 MainActivity ViewBinding");
        viewBinding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.d("MainView","點擊按鈕");
            }
        });
    }
}

//Kotlin
open class BaseActivity<T : ViewBinding> : AppCompatActivity() {
    protected lateinit var binding: T
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        val type = javaClass.genericSuperclass as ParameterizedType
        val aClass = type.actualTypeArguments[0] as Class<*>
        val method = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("inflate", LayoutInflater::class.java)
        binding = method.invoke(null, layoutInflater) as T
        setContentView(binding.root)
    }
}

class MainActivity : BaseActivity<ActivityMainBinding>() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        binding.textView.text = "這是MainActivity"
    }
}

//Java
public class BaseFragment<T extends ViewBinding> extends Fragment {
    protected T viewBinding;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        ParameterizedType type = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        Class cls = (Class) type.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
        try {
            Method inflate = cls.getDeclaredMethod("inflate", LayoutInflater.class, ViewGroup.class, boolean.class);
            viewBinding = (T) inflate.invoke(null, inflater, container, false);
        }  catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException| InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return viewBinding.getRoot();
    }
}

//使用
public class MainFragment extends BaseFragment<FragmentMainBinding>{
    @Override
    public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
        viewBinding.button.setText("這是 MainFragment ViewBinding");
        viewBinding.button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                Log.d("MainView","點擊按鈕");
            }
        });
    }
}

//Kotlin
open class BaseFragment<T:ViewBinding>:Fragment(){
    lateinit var binding: T
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
        val type = javaClass.genericSuperclass as ParameterizedType
        val aClass = type.actualTypeArguments[0] as Class<*>
        val method = aClass.getDeclaredMethod("inflate", LayoutInflater::class.java,ViewGroup::class.java,Boolean::class.java)
        binding = method.invoke(null,layoutInflater,container,false) as T
        return binding.root
    }
}

class FirstFragment : BaseFragment<FragmentFirstBinding>() {
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        binding.textView.text = "這是FirstFragment"
    }
}

2.不通過反射的方式

abstract class BaseActivity<T : ViewBinding> : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var _binding: T
    protected val binding get() = _binding;

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        _binding = getViewBinding()
        setContentView(_binding.root)
    }

    protected abstract fun getViewBinding(): T
}

class MainActivity : BaseActivity<ActivityMainBinding>() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        binding.textView.text = "這是MainActivity"
    }

    override fun getViewBinding() = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
}

abstract class BaseFragment<T : ViewBinding> : Fragment() {
    private lateinit var _binding: T
    protected val binding get() = _binding;
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        _binding = getViewBinding(inflater, container)
        return _binding.root
    }
    
    protected abstract fun getViewBinding(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?): T
}

class FirstFragment : BaseFragment<FragmentFirstBinding>() {
    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        binding.textView.text = "這是FirstFragment"
    }

    override fun getViewBinding(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?
    ) = FragmentFirstBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
}

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Android View Binding的使用

Android View Binding的使用

什么是View Binding

如何啟用View Binding 功能

怎么去使用View Binding

使用View Binding 寫的基類

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美 国产 综合 欧美 视频

Android View Binding的使用

什么是View Binding

如何啟用View Binding 功能

怎么去使用View Binding

使用View Binding 寫的基類

三个男躁一个女,国精产品一区一手机的秘密,麦子交换系列最经典十句话,欧美国产综合欧美视频