以后分析、解決問題要分這三步：what(是什么)，why(為什么），how(腫么辦)
下面我們來看看怎么來做！
一、what：什么是定語從句？
在復(fù)合句中（在一個句子中有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），限定某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。
1.在漢語中：
? ? 1.1 修飾名詞的定語
? ? ? ? ? 李嘉媛，一個刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的女孩，一年以后將成為一中的白富美！
? ? ? ? ? “一個刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的女孩”修飾名詞“李嘉媛”，所以“一個刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的女孩”是名詞“李嘉媛”的定語。
? ? 1.2 修飾代詞的定語
她，一個漂亮的女孩，成績總是那么好?。ā耙粋€漂亮的女孩”修飾人稱代詞“她”，所以“一個漂亮的女孩”是定語）
2.在英語中，看看以下兩個例子，也是修飾名詞或代詞，加粗的句子是定語從句：
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
? ? ? （定語從句修飾名詞“the man”）
2) You must do everything that I do.
? ? ? ? (定語從句修飾不定代詞everything)
二、what(什么是先行詞)
? ? ? 上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。
三、what(定語從句是哪一部分)
? ? ? 關(guān)系代詞+關(guān)系代詞后面單詞，例如：
? ? ? who lives next to us is a policeman
四、what(引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有哪些)
? ?
? * 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why
? ? how(我該怎么樣才能一次記住它們？)
五、what（關(guān)系詞的作用）
? ? ? ? ? * 關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分，其實結(jié)合實例來記，可以合并從兩個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句 2、代替先行詞 在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。對著下面的句子來一次記住這兩個功能：
You must do everything that I do.
下面來具體地學(xué)習(xí)各種定語從句，在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中問自己三個問題：
what(先行詞是人還是物？應(yīng)該對照圖該選擇什么關(guān)系詞)
why(為什么用這個關(guān)系詞？先行詞是人還是物，在從句中做什么成分，從而確定關(guān)系詞在句中做做什么成分，進而確定是選擇主格、賓格還是所有格，怎么更有邏輯地來判斷？)
how(關(guān)系詞是怎樣在從句中做成分的？)
二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
* 1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
* 2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?/p>
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.
* 3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語)
* 4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)
(2) Where is the man （that/whom ）I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)
* 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
* 具體使用時還要注意下列問題：
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情況（不必死記，只需對照中考題能說出規(guī)則即? ? 可）：
* 1） 當(dāng)先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾時。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以為你做的嗎？
All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必須做。
* 2）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。例如：
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .
那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food .
我們該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。
* 3）當(dāng)先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修飾時。例如：
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing .
我的項鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。
* 4）當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時，定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重復(fù)。例如：
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?
正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？
* 5）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時，用that 。例如：
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .
你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情況：
* 1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時；
e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.
* 2)非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。
e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.
He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.
* 3) 先行詞本身是that時；
e.g. The clock is that which tells the time
非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。
（非限)
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)
* 4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。
He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
* 關(guān)系代詞 whom， which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
* 1、when：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時間意義的名詞時，它只能作定語從句的時間狀語，放在定語從句句首。如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語，則要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo)。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
The days when we used foreign oil are gone. 我們用洋油的日子一去不復(fù)返了。
I'll never forget the day when I was born. (=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永遠不會忘記我出生的日子。
It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold. 這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。
The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語從句"that I always remember in all my life"的賓語，that可以省略)
* 2、where：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞是表示地點意義的名詞時，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點狀語，放在定語從句的句首。如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo)。例如：
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
This is the room where (＝in which) I lived last year. 這就是我去年住過的房間。
Is this the classroom where(=in which) the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 這就是那位老工人要給我們做報告的教室嗎？
Let's look for a place where we can swim. 咱們找一個可以游泳的地方吧。
The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital. 正在那邊建的樓房將是一家新醫(yī)院。(引導(dǎo)詞that作定語從句"that is being built over there"的主語)
That is the factory (that) they visited last month. 那就是他們上個月參觀過
的工廠。(引導(dǎo)詞that作定語從句"(that) they visited last month"的賓語，that可以省略)
* 注意：不要以為在時間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when，在地點名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用關(guān)系副詞why。到底選用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵是看它們在從句中是用作狀語(用關(guān)系副詞)還是用作主語或賓語(用關(guān)系代詞)。
如：Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘記我告訴你的時間。(that用作told的賓語)
I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永遠不會忘記我與你共事的日子。(when用作狀語)
He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts. 他在一家制造無線電零件的工廠工作。(that/ which 在從句中用作主語，且不能省略)
He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。(where作狀語)
That’s the reason (that /which ) he explained to us. 那就是他向我們解釋的理由。(that或which在從句中用作explained的賓語)
That’s the reason why she left home. 那就是她離家出走的原因。(why在從句中作狀語)
* 英語中的關(guān)系副詞主要是 when, where, why三個，不要想當(dāng)然地將how用作關(guān)系副詞修飾the way。
如不說 This is the way how he spoke，
可改為 This is how he spoke(how引導(dǎo)的是表語從句)，
當(dāng)然也可說成 This is the way (that/ in which) he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)
* 另外，when和where可引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語從句，而why則只用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.
星期天是假日，（這天）人們不上班。
He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.
他把我們帶進教室，那兒只有少數(shù)幾個學(xué)生。
* 在定語從句的使用中，one of后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，這個復(fù)數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語從句的謂語動詞，用復(fù)數(shù)； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only時，后面引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。
He is the only one of the students who is elected?
Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident .
2016年全國中考英語試題專題練習(xí)：定語從句
一、選擇題
1、— What are you looking for?
— I’m looking for the ring ________ my husband bought me last year．
A．who? ? B．that? ? C．what
對每一題問上文中的三個問題，就可以百分之百地把中考定語從句的分數(shù)全部得到。
2、—Have you found the information about famous scientists _____ you can use for the report?
—Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.
A. where? B. which? ? C. what? ? D. who
3、 Mr. Chen is a teacher ________ I want to learn from. He is so knowledgeable.
A. which? ? B. when? ? C. who? ? D. what
4 —Which invention do you like best?
—QQ. It is an invention ____________ can help us communicate with others online freely.
A. what? B. that? C. who
5、This is the room in _______ I lived last year.
A. which? ? B. that? ? C. where? ? ? ? ? ? D. \
6、—Shakespeare( 莎士比亞 ）is a great writer ______ is considered as a genius ( 天才 ）
—I think so. Many people around the world admire him very much.
A. when? B. who? C.which
7、— I’d like to read some Chinese classics. Any suggestion?
— Journey to the West. It’s a book ________ is about Monkey King.
A. what? ? B. who? ? C. that
8、Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience
people cannot get at home.
A. that? B. who? C. whom? ? D. what
9、The earth is the planet _______ provides us with everything we need, fresh air, clean water and so on. It’s our duty to protect it.
A. who? ? B. that? ? C. where
10、— What are you doing, Tim?
— I am listening to the song Long Live _______ makes me feel excited.
A．which? ? B．who? ? ? C．/
11、Studying in groups is a popular way ______ can develop students’ ability．
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
12、Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place ______ we’ll visit next week.
A．that? ? B．who? C．where? ? D．whom
13、Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything ______comes into sight is so new to me.
A. that? ? B. which? ? C. who? D. whom
14、—Which song do you like better, Maria?
—I prefer the song Manual of Youth_______ is sung by TFBOYS.
A. which? B. who? Cwhom? D. where
15、Is that the girl with______ you discussed? the problem yesterday afternoon
A. that? ? B. who? ? C. whom? ? D. which
16、— Have you seen the photos ____ I took on my trip?
— Yes, I have. They are fantastic.
A. that? ? B. who? C. what? ? D. whom
17、I can’t find the book about famous sportsmen ____ I borrowed from the library yesterday.
A. which? ? B. who? ? C. what? ? D. whom
18、She came up with an idea ______ interested all her friends.
A. which? ? B. who? ? C. what? ? D. it
19、—Is that all?
—Yes. That’s all _____ I want to take.
A. which? ? B. that? C. who? D. whose
20、We all like the teachers_______class is interesting and creative(有創(chuàng)造性的)．
A．which? B．whose? C．who? D．that
21、I don’t know the teacher ________ is talking with Miss Wang．
A．what? ? B．whom? ? C．which? ? D．who
22、I like the places ________ the weather is warm.
A. that? ? B. where? ? C. which
23、 Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree ?
A. what? B. which? ? C. who
24、I don’t like stories ___________ have unhappy endings．
A．who? B．that? C．where? ? D．those
25、This is the school _______ I studied three years ago.
A. where? ? B. when? ? C. that? ? ? D. which
26、_________ wants to go to the park this weekend, raise your hands, please.
A. Anyone who? B. Those who? ? C. Anyone? ? D. Who
27、We used to study in the old building_______ was broken down last year.
A. which? ? B. where? ? C. what
28、I don’t remember? ? ? the book yesterday.
A. where I put? ? ? ? B. where did I put
C. where I putted? ? ? D. where I did put
29、This is the best hotel in the city______ I know.
A. where? ? B. which? ? C. that? ? D. it
30、---Have you found the information about famous people ________ you can use for the report?
---Not yet. I’ll search for some on the Internet.
A. which? ? B.who? ? C. what? ? D. whom
31、 Peter, tell me the result of the discussions________ you had with your partner
A. what? ? B. which? ? ? C. who
32、–I don’t know your brother.
-Oh. The man _______came to see me yesterday is my brother.
A. who? B. whose? ? C. where? ? D. whom
33、A friend is someone ______ fills our lives with beauty, joy and grace, and makes the world we live in a better and happier place.
A.? which? ? B. who? ? C. where? ? D. whom
34、—Do you know that woman?
—Yes. She is the woman _____ saved the old man’s life.
A.who? ? B.which? ? C.whose? ? D.where
35、The TV play is about a true story _______ happened in Mianyang in 1998.
A. it? ? B. what? ? C. that? D. when
36、--- Do you know the boy________ is sitting next to Peter?
--- Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday.
A. who; ninth? B. that; nineth? ? C. /; nineth? ? D. which; ninth
37、Have you found the information about famous people? ? ? you can use for the report?
Not yet. I’ll search some on the internet.
A. that? B. who? C. what? D. whom
參考答案
一、選擇題
1、B
2、B
3、C
4、B
5、A
6、B
7、C
8、A
9、B
10、A
11、A
12、A
13、A
14、A
15、C
16、A
17、B
18、A
19、B? 考查定語從句。which, that的先行詞都可為物，但當(dāng)先行詞是all，anything等不定代詞時，關(guān)系詞用that；who的先行詞只能是人；whose一般在從句中作定語。故選B。
20、B
21、D
22、B
23、C
24、B
25、A
26、A
27、A
28、A
29、C
30、A
31、B
32、A
33、B
34、A? 考查定語從句，先行詞the woman指人，從句缺主語，故用who作引導(dǎo)詞。故選A。
35、C
36、A
37、A
