核心思想：
演講者的任務就是要在聽眾的心里種下一個想法，聽眾每個人的世界觀都不一樣，看到一個東西，每個人的反應略有不同，利用他們已有的認知，通過我們的溝通和比喻，來改變他們的想法，來把想法種下。
1. 一次演講只選取一個主題，全程圍繞這個主題演講。
2. 給你的聽眾關注你的理由，利用他們的好奇，關注有自己的世界觀，我們要影響他們的世界觀，他們的世界觀知識中有不完善的地方，我們要架起一座通往他們還未建立起知識體系的橋梁。
3. 一點點地打造你的想法，利用聽眾已知的認知，用比喻的方法，一點點的建立。
4. 問問你自己，你所分享的東西是否真的值得分享，是不是對所有人都有益處。
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原文：
Chris Anderson:TED's secret to great public speaking
Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula:
有些人認為TED演講有固定套路
"Give a talk on a round, red rug."
演講在圓形 紅色地毯
"Share a childhood story."
分享一段 童年經歷
"Divulge a personal secret."
泄露個人秘密
"End with an inspiring call to action."
以一段振奮人心的叫喊結束
No. That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as cliched or emotionally manipulative.
不，那不是關于TED演講的思考，實際上，如果你過度使用這些技巧，你講的只會是陳詞濫調或者操縱人們的情緒。
But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you,
但這里有一件事是公認好的TED演講具有的，我想把那個分享給你。
because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat, listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers, like these. I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time, and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk.
因為這12年多的時間，我有看臺席位，可以聽許多精彩者的演講。在黃金時間我幫助他們準備演講稿，學習他們怎樣做一場偉大演講的秘密。
And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this: Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listeners' minds an extraordinary gift — a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.
雖然演講者、主題不同，但他們有一個關鍵的相同點。它就是：作為演講者你的首要任務是向聽眾傳遞一件與眾不同的禮物。與眾不同又美麗的東西，我們稱之為想法。
Let me show you what I mean. Here's Haley. She is about to give a TED Talk and frankly, she's terrified.
讓我告訴你我的意思。這是海利，她將要做一個TED演講，坦白地說，她嚇壞了。
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
主持人：海利xx
Over the course of 18 minutes, 1,200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Haley's brain and with each other. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brain-wave patterns. And I don't just mean they're feeling the same emotions. There's something even more startling happening.
在18分鐘的過程中，1200名觀眾，他們大多數人從來沒見過對方，他們發現他們的大腦開始和海利的大腦同步。他們差不多開始呈現相同的腦電波。我的意思不僅是他們有相同的情緒。還有些令人驚訝的事將要發生。
Let's take a look inside Haley's brain for a moment. There are billions of interconnected neurons in an impossible tangle. But look here, right here — a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening. That's right; in just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1,200 minds, just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.
讓我們看一下海利腦里的想法。有數以億計的互相連接的神經元紛繁交錯。但是看這，就是這，數百萬神經元連在一起代表同一個想法。難以置信的是，同樣的模型正在實時再現在每一位聽眾的大腦里。那好，只是在幾分鐘，百萬神經元的連接模型正在傳送到1200人大腦里，只是因為人們聽了語言、盯著臉看了看。
But wait — what is an idea anyway? Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic.
等下，到底是什么想法？那好，你可以把它想成信息模式，幫助你理解、遨游這個世界。想法可以是各種各樣形狀和尺寸，從復雜的、需要分析的到簡單而美麗的。
Here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage. Sir Ken Robinson — creativity is key to our kids' future.
這里只是分享TED舞臺上的一些例子。ken先生說過，創造力是通往孩子未來的鑰匙。
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson: My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
ken先生：我想說的是創造力在教育中和能讀能寫一樣重要，我們應該同樣重視它。
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy — building from bamboo is beautiful.
竹子的生長太美了
(Video) Elora Hardy: It is growing all around us, it's strong, it's elegant, it's earthquake-resistant.
生長在周圍，強壯，優美，抗震的。
CA: Chimamanda Adichie — people are more than a single identity.
人們不僅僅是一個身份。
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie: The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete.
單一故事制造刻板印象，刻板印象的問題不是他們不真實，是他們不夠完成。
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly. They're carefully linked together. Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview. It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.
你的腦子里充滿想法，不是雜亂無章的。他們小心翼翼地連接在一起。他們全部由神奇的復雜結構組成，組成你的個人視野。它是你的大腦操作系統。它帶你遨游世界。它由數百萬獨特的想法組成。
So, for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently. So, it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible — a guide, to the scary but wonderful real world out there.
舉例來說，如果你的想法構成中有一點是小貓是可愛的，那當你看到這個，你就會反應喜歡這個。但是其他腦海中有豹子危險，當你看到它，就會有點不一樣。所以，構成你世界觀的觀點是非常重要的。你需要他們盡可能可靠，有向導性。走進可怕的但又真實精彩的世界。
Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image:
當今不同人的世界觀很明顯不同。例如，當看到這張圖你的世界觀是怎樣反應的？
(Video) Dalia Mogahed: What do you think when you look at me? "A woman of faith," "an expert," maybe even "a sister"? Or "oppressed," "brainwashed," "a terrorist"?
看到我，你在想什么？有信仰的女人，專家，可能是秀女？或者受壓迫的，被洗腦的，恐怖分子？
CA: Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing, forever, how someone thinks about the world, and shaping their actions both now and well into the future. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.
不管你怎么回答，有反應各不相同的數百萬人。所以為什么想法很重要。如果適當溝通，他們能從此改變，一個人怎樣思考這個世界，檢視他們的行為，更好的面對未來。想法是最有力地促使人改變習慣的。
So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task:
如果你接受你的首要任務是成為一個創建一個在你聽眾腦海想法的演講者，這里有四條指南告訴你應該怎樣做
One, limit your talk to just one major idea. Ideas are complex things; you need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about, and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea, and make it the through-line running through your entire talk, so that everything you say links back to it in some way.
1. 演講圍繞一個主題。想法是復雜的事情；你需要精簡你的內容，這樣你就能聚焦一個內容而且是你最感興趣的，給你自己一個機會適當地去解釋一件事。你得給出上下文，分享案例，使它生動。所以選取一個想法，使它貫穿演講，這樣你講的所有事都可以通過一些方式回到主題。
Two, give your listeners a reason to care. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity. Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining. If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea.
2. 給聽眾一個關注你的理由。在你在聽眾腦海中創建想法之前，你要獲得他們歡迎你進入的允許。獲得它的主要工具是什么呢？好奇心。點燃聽眾的好奇心。用有趣、讓人興奮的問題去解釋為什么有些事不合清理、需要解釋。如果你能揭示他們還沒創建的練習，他們將跟你要一個知識的橋梁。一旦你激起他們的欲望，開始種下你的想法就太容易了。
Three, build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners' minds — but not your language, their language. You start where they are. The speakers often forget that （many of the terms and concepts they live with） are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together, because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern, based on an idea that the listener already understands.
第三，一點點地打造你的想法，利用聽眾現有的知識體系。你用強大的語言把已經存在在聽眾腦海里 的概念組織起來，但不是你的語言，是用聽眾的。從他們的角度出發。演講者經常會忘了很多自己熟悉的術語和概念對于觀眾來說是完全陌生的。現在，比喻可以扮演重要角色，把概念組織起來，因為他們能形象地展示整體結構，基于觀眾已經認知的知識基礎。
For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, "It's as if, for the first time, you had a word processor to edit DNA. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily." Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends, and find out which parts they get confused by.
舉例來說，當kahn想要解釋難以置信的新生物科技叫做CRISPR，她說，這就好像，有史以來第一次，你有一個世界處理器去編輯DNA。CRISPR讓你可以拷貝和粘貼遺傳信息非常容易，現在，一個生動地解釋讓人恍然大悟，瞬間明白怎么回事。它很重要，因此，把你的演講說給值得信賴的朋友聽，找到哪個部分他們是困惑的。
Four, here's the final tip: Make your idea worth sharing. By that I mean, ask yourself the question: "Who does this idea benefit?" And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then, I'm sorry to say, it's probably not worth sharing. The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.
第四，最后一個原則：你的想法值得分享。我的意思是，問問你自己這個問題：“這個想法的受益者是誰？” 我想讓你誠實地回答這個問題。如果這個想法只是對你好或者你的組織，那我很抱歉，它可能不值得分享。聽眾會立刻看穿你。但是如果你相信這個想法有潛力去給其他人帶來靈感或者改善別人的觀點，或者激發某些人做事不一樣，那你就有了核心要素去實現一個偉大的演講，那是給他們的禮物，也是給我們自己。
原文鏈接：http://www.ted.com/talks/chris_anderson_teds_secret_to_great_public_speaking/transcript?language=en#t-342093
中文鏈接：http://open.163.com/movie/2016/5/J/N/MBLAG3QFA_MBLAGECJN.html
