scrapy 爬妹子圖

前一篇寫了基礎的爬蟲,這篇我們就來爬圖片保存下來。?環境如上一篇scrapy 爬電影 抓取數據

Step1

首先還是實體類寫好我們需要的字段
注釋中ImagesPipeline后面會解釋

from scrapy import Item, Field
class PaimgItem(Item):
    # 這兩個字段 image_urls images是ImagesPipeline存放需要的
    image_urls = Field()
    images = Field()

    name = Field()

Step2

項目結構不變,依然首先來寫我們的Spider

import scrapy
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider
from PaImg.items import PaimgItem


class MeizituSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = "meizitu"
    host = 'http://www.meizitu.com/'
    start_urls = ['http://www.meizitu.com/a/sexy.html']

    headers = {
        'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
    }

    def parse(self, response):
        nextPage = response.xpath(u'//div[@id="wp_page_numbers"]//a[text()="下一頁"]/@href').extract_first()
        nextPage = self.host + nextPage

        for p in response.xpath('//li[@class="wp-item"]//a/@href').extract():
            # scrapy.Request再次請求獲取詳情html由parse_item解析
            yield scrapy.Request(p, callback=self.parse_item)

        yield scrapy.Request(nextPage, callback=self.parse)

    def parse_item(self, response):
        item = PaimgItem()
        # 詳情中的圖片列表
        item['image_urls'] = response.xpath("http://div[@id='picture']//img/@src").extract()
        item['name'] = response.xpath("http://div[@id='picture']//img/@alt").extract()[0].split(u',')[0]
        return item

上一篇如果你認真看了寫了,這一點代碼相信你一眼就看懂了。如果不懂先看一下上一篇吧scrapy 爬電影 抓取數據

Step3

上面我們將詳情頁的圖片列表地址存儲保存了下來。我們需要一個專門下載每張圖片的類。
也就是Step1中提到的ImagesPipeline。它是用來處理下載圖片的一個Pipeline關于Pipline可以查看Pipeline。我們創建一個PaimgPipeline類繼承自ImagesPipeline

class PaimgPipeline(ImagesPipeline):

我們需要復寫四個方法:get_media_requests(進行圖片下載請求處理) item_completed(圖片下載完成的通知) file_path(下載原始圖片的保存路徑) thumb_path(縮略圖保存路徑)
完整代碼:

headers = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3',
    "Referer": "https://www.meizitu.com/",  # 加入referer 為下載的域名網站
}


class PaimgPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    # 在工作流程中可以看到,管道會得到圖片的URL并從項目中下載。
    # # 為了這么做,你需要重寫 get_media_requests() 方法,并對各個圖片URL返回一個Request:
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
        for image_url in item['image_urls']:
            # 這里把item傳過去,因為后面需要用item里面的name作為文件名
            yield Request(image_url, meta={'item': item}, headers=headers)

    def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
        image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
        if not image_paths:
            raise DropItem("Item contains no images")
        return item

    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
        item = request.meta['item']
        image_guid = request.url.split('/')[-1]  # 倒數第一個元素
        filenames = "full/%s/%s" % (item['name'], image_guid)
        # print(filename)
        return filenames

    def thumb_path(self, request, thumb_id, response=None, info=None):
        item = request.meta['item']
        image_guid = request.url.split('/')[-1]  # 倒數第一個元素
        # thumb_id就是setting文件中定義的big small
        filenames = "thumbil/%s/%s/%s" % (thumb_id, item['name'], image_guid)
        return filenames

Step4

編寫隨機的UserAgentIP代理

import random
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware
'''
這個類主要用于產生隨機UserAgent
'''
class RandomUserAgent(UserAgentMiddleware):

    def __init__(self, agents):
        self.agents = agents

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(crawler.settings.getlist('USER_AGENTS'))  # 返回的是本類的實例cls ==RandomUserAgent

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', random.choice(self.agents))
import random
from PaImg.settings import IPPOOL

class ProxiesMiddleware(object):
    def __init__(self, ip=''):
        self.ip = ip

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        thisip = random.choice(IPPOOL)
        print("this is ip:" + thisip["ipaddr"])
        request.meta["proxy"] = "http://" + thisip["ipaddr"]

Step5

下來我們就需要配置一下settings.py了。

  • 首先我們先把剛剛寫的PaimgPipeline配置到settings中
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'PaImg.pipelines.PaimgPipeline': 300,
}
  • 設置上面編寫的RandomUserAgentProxiesMiddleware
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': None,
    'PaImg.RandomUserAgent.RandomUserAgent': 100,

     # 代理IP可能會失效 需要重新ping代理ip地址
  'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware' : None,
    'PaImg.ProxiesMiddleware.ProxiesMiddleware' : 100
}
  • 設置USER_AGENTS,也就是上面我們自己編寫RandomUserAgent需要的數據
USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
]
  • 設置IPPOOL,也就是上面我們自己編寫ProxiesMiddleware需要的數據( 代理IP可能會失效 需要重新ping代理ip地址)
IPPOOL=[
    {"ipaddr":"211.142.141.210:8998"},
    {"ipaddr":"58.19.15.218:808"},
    {"ipaddr":"117.90.1.141:9000"},
    {"ipaddr":"125.117.115.180:9000"},
    {"ipaddr":"211.142.141.210:8998"},
    {"ipaddr":"163.125.251.242:8118"}
]
  • 設置上面略縮圖的大小,有兩種方式:
IMAGES_THUMBS = {
    'small': (50, 50),
    'big': (270, 270),
}
  • 設置圖片(寬最小與高最小)過濾。以防止我們會下載一些廣告圖或其他無用圖
IMAGES_MIN_HEIGHT = 110
IMAGES_MIN_WIDTH = 110
  • 設置本地保存路徑
IMAGES_STORE = '/Users/cuiyang/Pictures/meizitu'
  • 還有我們的延遲下載
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 2

基本上這些就已經夠了,我們還可以再優化一下配置,也是比較通用的一些配置

Tip

  • 減少超時時間以提高爬取速度
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT = 15
  • 不對失敗的HTTP請求進行重試
RETRY_ENABLED = False
  • 禁用cookie
COOKIES_ENABLED = False 
  • 通用爬取經常抓取大量的 “index” 頁面; AjaxCrawlMiddleware能幫助您正確地爬取。 由于有些性能問題,且對于特定爬蟲沒有什么意義,該中間默認關閉。
AJAXCRAWL_ENABLED = False

最后附上源碼地址:https://github.com/EasonHolmes/Spider_Img

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