Promise手寫

代碼塊中的省略號,代表相較于上次代碼未改動部分

1)核心邏輯實現

分析:

  1. 根據調用方式可知,promise是一個類,需要傳遞一個執行器進去,執行器會立即執行
  2. promise有三種狀態,分別為成功-fulfilled 失敗-rejected 等待-pending,一旦狀態確定就不可改變
    pending > fulfilled
    pending > rejected
  3. resolve和reject函數是用來改變狀態的,resolve是成功,reject是失敗;
  4. then接受兩個參數,如果狀態成功就調用成功回調函數(參數代表成功結果),否則就調用失敗回調(參數代表失敗原因)

分析完畢,開搞:

const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
  constructor(exector) {
    // exector是一個執行器,傳入resolve和reject方法,進入會立即執行,
    exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
  }
  // 實例對象上屬性,初始狀態為等待
  status = PENDING;
  // 成功后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失敗后的原因
  reason = undefined;
  // 使用箭頭函數,讓this指向當前實例對象
  resolve = (value) => {
    // 判斷狀態不是等待,阻止執行
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    // 將狀態改為成功,并保存成功值
    this.status = FULFILLED;
    this.value = value;
  };
  reject = (reason) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    // 將狀態改為失敗,并保存失敗原因
    this.status = REJECTED;
    this.reason = reason;
  };
  then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
      // 調用成功回調,把結果返回
      successCallback(this.value);
    } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
      // 調用失敗回調,把錯誤信息返回
      failCallback(this.reason);
    }
  }
}

2)加入異步處理邏輯

const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
  constructor(exector) {
    // exector是一個執行器,傳入resolve和reject方法,進入會立即執行,
    exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
  }
  // 實例對象上屬性,初始狀態為等待
  status = PENDING;
  // 成功后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失敗后的原因
  reason = undefined;
  // 定義成功回調和失敗回調參數
  successCallback = undefined;
  failCallback = undefined;
  // 使用箭頭函數,讓this指向當前實例對象
  resolve = (value) => {
    // 判斷狀態不是等待,阻止執行
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    // 將狀態改為成功,并保存成功值
    this.status = FULFILLED;
    this.value = value;
    this.successCallback && this.successCallback(this.value);
  };
  reject = (reason) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    // 將狀態改為失敗,并保存失敗原因
    this.status = REJECTED;
    this.reason = reason;
    this.failCallback && this.failCallback(this.reason);
  };
  then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
      // 調用成功回調,把結果返回
      successCallback(this.value);
    } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
      // 調用失敗回調,把錯誤信息返回
      failCallback(this.reason);
    } else {
      // 等待狀態,把成功和失敗回調暫存起來
      this.successCallback = successCallback;
      this.failCallback = failCallback;
    }
  }
}

3)then 方法多次調用

  • promise的then是可以被多次調用的,
  • 如下例子,如果三個then調用,都是同步調用,則直接返回值即可;
  • 如果是異步調用,那么成功回調和失敗回調應該是多個不同的;
let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve('success')
  }, 2000); 
 })

 promise.then(value => {
   console.log(1)
   console.log('resolve', value)  //resolve success
 })
 
 promise.then(value => {
  console.log(2)
  console.log('resolve', value) //resolve success
})

promise.then(value => {
  console.log(3)
  console.log('resolve', value) //resolve success
})

所以需要改進:把回調放進數組,待狀態確定后統一執行

const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
  constructor(exector) {
    // exector是一個執行器,傳入resolve和reject方法,進入會立即執行,
    exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
  }
  // 實例對象上屬性,初始狀態為等待
  status = PENDING;
  // 成功后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失敗后的原因
  reason = undefined;
  // 定義成功回調和失敗回調參數,初始化空數組
  successCallback = [];
  failCallback = [];
  // 使用箭頭函數,讓this指向當前實例對象
  resolve = (value) => {
    // 判斷狀態不是等待,阻止執行
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    // 將狀態改為成功,并保存成功值
    this.status = FULFILLED;
    this.value = value;
    while (this.successCallback.length) {
      this.successCallback.shift()(this.value);
    }
  };
  reject = (reason) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    // 將狀態改為失敗,并保存失敗原因
    this.status = REJECTED;
    this.reason = reason;
    while (this.failCallback.length) {
      this.failCallback.shift()(this.reason);
    }
  };
  then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
      // 調用成功回調,把結果返回
      successCallback(this.value);
    } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
      // 調用失敗回調,把錯誤信息返回
      failCallback(this.reason);
    } else {
      // 等待狀態,把成功和失敗回調暫存到數組中
      this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
      this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
    }
  }
}

4)then 方法鏈式調用

  • then方法會返回一個新的Promise實例。因此可以采用鏈式寫法
  • then方法可以返回一個普通值或者一個新的promise實例

返回普通值用法:

let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  // 目前這里只處理同步的問題
  resolve('success');
});
promise
  .then((value) => {
    console.log('1', value); //  1 success
    return 'hello';
  })
  .then((value) => {
    console.log('2', value); //  2 hello
  });

返回新的promise實例用法:

let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  // 目前這里只處理同步的問題
  resolve('success');
});
function other() {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve('other');
  });
}
promise
  .then((value) => {
    console.log('1', value); //  1 success
    return other();
  })
  .then((value) => {
    console.log('2', value); //  2 other
  });

實現:

const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
  constructor(exector) {
    exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
  }

  status = PENDING;
  value = undefined;
  reason = undefined;
  successCallback = [];
  failCallback = [];

  resolve = (value) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    this.status = FULFILLED;
    this.value = value;
    while (this.successCallback.length)
      this.successCallback.shift()(this.value);
  };

  reject = (reason) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    this.status = REJECTED;
    this.reason = reason;
    while (this.failCallback.length) this.failCallback.shift()(this.reason);
  };

  then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    // then方法返回第一個promise對象
    let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        // x是上一個promise回調函數的返回結果
        // 判斷x是普通值還是promise實例
        // 如果是普通值,直接resolve
        // 如果是promise實例,待promise狀態變為fulfilled,調用resolve或者reject

        // 因為mew MyPromise需要執行完才能拿到promise2,所以通過異步拿到
        setTimeout(() => {
          let x = successCallback(this.value);
          resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
        }, 0);
      } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        failCallback(this.reason);
      } else {
        this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
        this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
      }
    });
    return promise2;
  }
}

function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
  // 如果等于了,說明返回了自身,報錯
  if (promise2 === x) {
    return reject(
      new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>')
    );
  }
  // 判斷x是不是其實例對象
  if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
    x.then(
      (value) => resolve(value),
      (reason) => reject(reason)
    );
  } else {
    // 普通值
    resolve(x);
  }
}

5)捕獲錯誤及優化

  1. 捕獲執行器中的錯誤
constructor(exector) {
    // 捕獲錯誤,如果有錯誤就執行reject
    try {
      exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
    } catch (e) {
      this.reject(e);
    }
  }

驗證:

let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    // resolve('success')
    throw new Error('執行器錯誤')
})
promise.then(value => {
  console.log(1)
  console.log('resolve', value)
}, reason => {
  console.log(2)
  console.log(reason.message)
})
//2
//執行器錯誤
  1. then執行的時候報錯捕獲
then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    // then方法返回第一個promise對象
    let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = successCallback(this.value);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        failCallback(this.reason);
      } else {
        this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
        this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
      }
    });
    return promise2;
  }

驗證:

let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve('success');
});
// 第一個then方法中的錯誤要在第二個then方法中捕獲到
promise
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('1', value);
      throw new Error('then error');
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('2', reason.message);
    }
  )
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('3', value);
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('4', reason.message);
    }
  );
// 1 success
// 4 then error
  1. 錯誤后的鏈式調用
then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    // then方法返回第一個promise對象
    let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = successCallback(this.value);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = failCallback(this.reason);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      } else {
        this.successCallback.push(successCallback);
        this.failCallback.push(failCallback);
      }
    });
    return promise2;
  }

驗證:

let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  throw new Error('執行器錯誤');
});

// 第一個then方法中的錯誤要在第二個then方法中捕獲到
promise
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('1', value);
      throw new Error('then error');
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('2', reason.message);
      return 200;
    }
  )
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('3', value);
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('4', reason.message);
    }
  );
// 2 執行器錯誤
// 3 200

  1. 異步狀態下鏈式調用(then方法優化)
   ...
  resolve = (value) => {
   ...
    // 調用時,不再需要傳值,因為在push回調數組時,已經處理了
    while (this.successCallback.length) this.successCallback.shift()();
  };
  reject = (reason) => {
    ...
    // 調用時,不再需要傳值,因為在push回調數組時,已經處理了
    while (this.failCallback.length) this.failCallback.shift()();
  };

  then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    // then方法返回第一個promise對象
    let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        ...
      } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        ...
      } else {
        // 處理異步情況
        this.successCallback.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = successCallback(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e);
            }
          }, 0);
        });
        this.failCallback.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            // 如果回調中報錯的話就執行reject
            try {
              let x = failCallback(this.reason);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e);
            }
          }, 0);
        });
      }
    });
    return promise2;
  }

驗證:

let promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve('成功');
  }, 2000);
});
// 第一個then方法中的錯誤要在第二個then方法中捕獲到
promise
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('1', value);
      return 'hello';
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('2', reason.message);
      return 200;
    }
  )
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('3', value);
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('4', reason.message);
    }
  );
// 1 成功
// 3 hello

6)把then方法的參數變成可選參數

var promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      resolve(100)
    })
    promise
      .then()
      .then()
      .then()
      .then(value => console.log(value))
// 在控制臺最后一個then中輸出了100

// 這個相當于
promise
  .then(value => value)
  .then(value => value)
  .then(value => value)
  .then(value => console.log(value))

所以修改then方法:

 then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    // 先判斷回調函數是否傳了,如果沒預留就默認一個函數,把參數返回
    successCallback = successCallback ? successCallback : (value) => value;
    failCallback = failCallback  ? failCallback : (reason) => {  throw reason };
    ...
  }

7)實現Promise.all

promise.all方法是解決異步并發問題的

// 如果p1是兩秒之后執行的,p2是立即執行的,那么根據正常的是p2在p1的前面。
// 如果我們在all中指定了執行順序,那么會根據我們傳遞的順序進行執行。
function p1 () {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve('p1')
    }, 2000)
  })
}
function p2 () {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve('p2')
    },0)
  })
}
Promise.all(['a', 'b', p1(), p2(), 'c']).then(result => {
  console.log(result)
  // ["a", "b", "p1", "p2", "c"]
})

分析:

  • all方法接收一個數組,數組中可以是普通值也可以是promise對象
  • 數組中值得順序一定是我們得到的結果的順序
  • 返回值也是一個promise對象,可以調用then方法
  • 如果數組中所有值是成功的,那么then里面就是成功回調,如果有一個值是失敗的,那么then里面就是失敗的
  • 使用all方法是用類直接調用,那么all一定是一個靜態方法

分析完,開整:

class MyPromise {
  ...
  static all(array) {
    // 結果數組
    let result = [];
    // 計數器
    let index = 0;
    return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      let addData = (key, value) => {
        result[key] = value;
        index++;
        // 當計數器等于參數數組的長度,說明所有參數已經執行完畢
        if (index === array.length) {
          resolve(result);
        }
      };
      // 對傳遞的數組中遍歷
      for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        let current = array[i];
        if (current instanceof MyPromise) {
          current.then(
            (value) => addData(i, value),
            (reason) => reject(reason)
          );
        } else {
          addData(i, array[i]);
        }
      }
    });
  }
}

驗證:

function p1() {
  return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve('p1');
    }, 2000);
  });
}

function p2() {
  return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve('p2');
    }, 0);
  });
}
Promise.all(['a', 'b', p1(), p2(), 'c']).then((result) => {
  console.log(result);
  // ["a", "b", "p1", "p2", "c"]
});

8)實現Promise.resolve

分析:

  • 如果參數是一個promise對象,則直接返回;如果是一個值,則生成一個promise對象,把值進行返回
  • 肯定是一個靜態方法
class MyPromise {
  ...
  // Promise.resolve方法
  static resolve(value) {
    if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
      return value;
    } else {
      return new MyPromise((resolve) => resolve(value));
    }
  }
}

驗證:

function p1() {
  return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve('p1');
    }, 2000);
  });
}

Promise.resolve(100).then((value) => console.log(value));
Promise.resolve(p1()).then((value) => console.log(value));
// 100
// 2s 之后輸出 p1

8)實現finally方法

  • 無論最終狀態是成功或是失敗,finally都會執行
  • 可以在finally之后拿到then的結果
  • 這是原型上的方法
  // finally
  // 使用then方法拿到promise的狀態,無論成功或失敗都返回callback
  // then方法返回的就是一個promise,拿到成功回調就把value return,錯誤回調就把錯誤信息return
  // 如果callback是一個異步promise,還需等待其執行完畢,所以要用到靜態方法resolve
  finally(callback) {
    return this.then(
      (value) => {
        return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => value);
      },
      (reason) => {
        return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => {
          throw reason;
        });
      }
    );
  }

驗證:

function p1() {
  return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve('p1');
    }, 2000);
  });
}
function p2() {
  return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
    reject('p2 reject');
  });
}
p2()
  .finally(() => {
    console.log('finallyp2');
    return p1();
  })
  .then(
    (value) => {
      console.log('成功回調', value);
    },
    (reason) => {
      console.log('失敗回調', reason);
    }
  );
// finallyp2
// 兩秒之后執行p2 reject

9)實現catch方法

  • 可以捕獲全局錯誤
  • 也是原型對象的方法
 // 直接調用then方法,然后成功的地方傳遞undefined,錯誤的地方傳遞reason
  catch(failCallback) {
    return this.then(undefined, failCallback);
  }

Promise全部代碼

const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
  constructor(exector) {
    // 捕獲錯誤,如果有錯誤就執行reject
    try {
      exector(this.resolve, this.reject);
    } catch (e) {
      this.reject(e);
    }
  }

  status = PENDING;
  value = undefined;
  reason = undefined;
  successCallback = [];
  failCallback = [];

  resolve = (value) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    this.status = FULFILLED;
    this.value = value;
    // 調用時,不再需要傳值,因為在push回調數組時,已經處理了
    while (this.successCallback.length) this.successCallback.shift()();
  };

  reject = (reason) => {
    if (this.status !== PENDING) return;
    this.status = REJECTED;
    this.reason = reason;
    // 調用時,不再需要傳值,因為在push回調數組時,已經處理了
    while (this.failCallback.length) this.failCallback.shift()();
  };

  then(successCallback, failCallback) {
    // 先判斷回調函數是否傳了,如果沒預留就默認一個函數,把參數返回
    successCallback = successCallback ? successCallback : (value) => value;
    failCallback = failCallback
      ? failCallback
      : (reason) => {
          throw reason;
        };
    // then方法返回第一個promise對象
    let promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
        // x是上一個promise回調函數的返回結果
        // 判斷x是普通值還是promise實例
        // 如果是普通值,直接resolve
        // 如果是promise實例,待promise狀態變為fulfilled,調用resolve或者reject

        // 因為mew MyPromise需要執行完才能拿到promise2,所以通過異步拿到
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = successCallback(this.value);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      } else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
        setTimeout(() => {
          try {
            let x = failCallback(this.reason);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e);
          }
        }, 0);
      } else {
        // 處理異步情況
        this.successCallback.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            try {
              let x = successCallback(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e);
            }
          }, 0);
        });
        this.failCallback.push(() => {
          setTimeout(() => {
            // 如果回調中報錯的話就執行reject
            try {
              let x = failCallback(this.reason);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            } catch (e) {
              reject(e);
            }
          }, 0);
        });
      }
    });
    return promise2;
  }

  static all(array) {
    // 結果數組
    let result = [];
    // 計數器
    let index = 0;
    return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      let addData = (key, value) => {
        result[key] = value;
        index++;
        // 當計數器等于參數數組的長度,說明所有參數已經執行完畢
        if (index === array.length) {
          resolve(result);
        }
      };

      // 對傳遞的數組中遍歷
      for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        let current = array[i];
        if (current instanceof MyPromise) {
          current.then(
            (value) => addData(i, value),
            (reason) => reject(reason)
          );
        } else {
          addData(i, array[i]);
        }
      }
    });
  }
  // Promise.resolve方法
  static resolve(value) {
    if (value instanceof MyPromise) {
      return value;
    } else {
      return new MyPromise((resolve) => resolve(value));
    }
  }
  // finally
  // 使用then方法拿到promise的狀態,無論成功或失敗都返回callback
  // then方法返回的就是一個promise,拿到成功回調就把value return,錯誤回調就把錯誤信息return
  // 如果callback是一個異步promise,還需等待其執行完畢,所以要用到靜態方法resolve
  finally(callback) {
    return this.then(
      (value) => {
        return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => value);
      },
      (reason) => {
        return MyPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => {
          throw reason;
        });
      }
    );
  }
  // catch
  // 直接調用then方法,然后成功的地方傳遞undefined,錯誤的地方傳遞reason
  catch(failCallback) {
    return this.then(undefined, failCallback);
  }
}

function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
  // 如果等于了,說明返回了自身,報錯
  if (promise2 === x) {
    return reject(
      new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>')
    );
  }
  // 判斷x是不是其實例對象
  if (x instanceof MyPromise) {
    x.then(
      (value) => resolve(value),
      (reason) => reject(reason)
    );
  } else {
    // 普通值
    resolve(x);
  }
}

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