一、Pre Request Scripts
Postman v0.10+ 版本支持pre-request scripts。
pre-request scripts是一個關(guān)聯(lián)了收藏夾內(nèi)request，并且在發(fā)送request之前執(zhí)行的代碼片段。這對于在request header中包含時間戳或者在URL參數(shù)中發(fā)送一個隨機字符串都是非常有用的。
例如：如果要在request的header中包含一個時間戳，你可以設置一個環(huán)境變量由一個函數(shù)返回他的值。
postman.setEnvironmentVariable('timestampHeader',new Date());
你可以在header中使 timestampHeader 變量，當request發(fā)送的時候，你的pre-request script將被執(zhí)行，這個timestampHeader 變量的值將會替換{{timestampHeader}}。
注意：我們設置的環(huán)境對使用的環(huán)境變量必須是有效的。
二、Writing Tests
1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)
![Uploading prerequest script_871640.png . . .]
Postman給了你一個環(huán)境讓你能夠為每個request編寫、執(zhí)行你的test，而不用擔心任何額外的設置。
一個Postman的test本質(zhì)上是JavaScript的代碼可以用來為一些特殊的test設置值。你可以在對象中設置一個描述性的鍵作為一個元素，然后聲明他如果是true或false。
tests[“Body contains user_id”] = responseBody.has(“user_id”)
這回核對body中是否包含了user_id這個字符串。如果你需要，你可以增加更多的鍵，這取決于你要用test做多少的事情。
test被保存為收藏夾request的一部分，這對于后端或前端的工程師來確保API運行的正常都是非常有意義的。
2.SNIPPETS
在寫test的時候這里有些事情需要注意，Postman嘗試使得列出常用的片段更簡單。你可以選擇你想添加的片段，然后適當?shù)拇a將被添加到test的編輯器中。這是一個很好的方法來快速的構(gòu)建test
3.查看結(jié)果
Postman在你執(zhí)行一個request的時候執(zhí)行test，當然你可以選擇不考慮test。結(jié)果被顯示在一個tab里，并在頭部顯示多少test通過了測試。你設置在test中的變量將會被列在這里。如果值是true，這個test就會通過。你可以保持test tab活動直到你確保所有的test執(zhí)行完。
三、Testing Sandbox
Postman的sandbox是一個JavaScript的執(zhí)行環(huán)境，這使得你能夠為request寫pre-request scripts和test scripts 。不論你寫的代碼是pre-request scripts還是test script都會在sandbox中執(zhí)行。
1.常用的庫和工具
Lodash：
JS utility libraryjQuery (Deprecated):
Cross-platform JavaScript library. This will be removed in future versions of the sandbox.BackboneJS (Deprecated):
Provides simple models, views, and collections. This will be removed in future versions of the sandbox.SugarJS:
Extends native JS objects with useful methodstv4 JSON schema validator:
Validates JSON objects against v4 of the json-schema draftCryptoJS:
standard and secure cryptographic algorithms. Supported algorithms: AES, DES, EvpKDF, HMAC-MD5, HMAC-SHA1/3/256/512, MD5, PBKDF2, Rabbit, SHA1/3/224/256/512, TripleDESxml2Json(xmlString):
This function behaves the same in Newman and PostmanxmlToJson(xmlString)(Deprecated):
This function does NOT behave the same in Newman and Postmanpostman.getResponseHeader(headerName)(Test-only):
returns the response header with name "headerName", if it exists. Returns null if no such header exists. Note: According to W3C specifications, header names are case-insensitive. This method takes care of this.
postman.getResponseHeader("Content-type") and postman.getResponseHeader("content-Type") will return the same value.
2.環(huán)境和全局變量
postman.setEnvironmentVariable(variableName, variableValue): Sets an environment variable "variableName", and assigns the string "variableValue" to it. You must have an environment selected for this method to work. Note: Only strings can be stored. Storing other types of data will result in unexpected behavior.postman.setGlobalVariable(variableName, variableValue):
Sets a global variable "variableName", and assigns the string "variableValue" to it. Note: Only strings can be stored. Storing other types of data will result in unexpected behavior.postman.clearEnvironmentVariable(variableName):
Clears the environment variable named "variableName". You must have an environment selected for this method to work.postman.clearGlobalVariable(variableName):
Clears the global variable named "variableName".postman.clearEnvironmentVariables():
Clears all environment variables. You must have an environment selected for this method to work.postman.clearGlobalVariables():
Clears all global variables.environment:
A dictionary of variables in the current environment. Use environment["foo"]
to access the value of the "foo" environment variable.globals:
A dictionary of global variables. Useglobals["bar"]
to access the value of the "bar" global variable.
3.動態(tài)變量
Postman也有一些動態(tài)變量，你可以用在你的request中。這個現(xiàn)在主要還是在實現(xiàn)階段，更多的功能以后被被添加進來。注意：動態(tài)變量不可以用于SandBox中，你只能在request的URL、headers、body中以放在雙花括號中間的形式使用。
{{$guid}}: Adds a v4 style guid
{{$timestamp}}: Adds the current timestamp.
{{$randomInt}}: Adds a random integer between 0 and 1000
4. Cookies
+** responseCookies {array} **（Postman-only）:
Gets all cookies set for the domain. You will need to enable the Interceptor for this to work.
-
postman.getResponseCookie(cookieName)（Postman-only）:
Gets the response cookie with the given name. You will need to enable the interceptor for this to work. Check out the blog post.
5.Request/response相關(guān)屬性
-
request {object}:
Postman makes the request object available to you while writing scripts. This object is read-only. Changing properties of this object will have no effect. Note: Variables will NOT be resolved in the request object. The request object is composed of the following:data {object}:
this is a dictionary of form data for the request. (request.data["key"]=="value")headers {object}:
this is a dictionary of headers for the request (request.headers["key"]=="value")method {string}:
GET/POST/PUT etc.url {string}:
the url for the request.
responseHeaders {object}(Test-only)(Deprecated):
This is a map of the response headers. This is case-sensitive, and should not be used. Check thepostman.getResponseHeader()
method listed above.responseBody {string}(Test-only):
A string containing the raw response body text. You can use this as an input to JSON.parse, or xml2Json.responseTime {number}(Test-only):
The response time in milliseconds-
responseCode {object}(Test-only):
Contains three properties:code {number}:
The response code (200 for OK, 404 for Not Found etc)name {string}:
The status code textdetail {string}:
An explanation of the response code
tests {object}(Test-only):
This object is for you to populate. Postman will treat each property of this object as a boolean test.iteration {number}:
Only available in the Collection Runner and Newman. Represents the current test run index. Starts from 0.
(Test-only): This object is only available in the test script section. Using this in a pre-request script will throw an error.
四、Testing 實例
我們來看一些Postman用于test的例子。這些例子中的大多數(shù)在Postman中是有效的，他們像一行JavaScript語句一樣簡答。在你的request中你可以有很多的test。
注意：test腳本在從服務器收到response后執(zhí)行
1.設置環(huán)境變量：
postman.setEnvironmentVariable("key", "value");
2.設置全局變量：
postman.setGlobalVariable("key", "value");
3.檢查response的body中是否包含字符串：
tests["Body matches string"] = responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search");
4.把XML的body轉(zhuǎn)換成JSON對象：
var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody);
5.檢查response的body是都為一個字符串：
tests["Body is correct"] = responseBody === "response_body_string";
6.檢查JSON的值：
var data = JSON.parse(responseBody);
tests["Your test name"] = data.value === 100;
7.內(nèi)容類型存在（檢查不區(qū)分大小寫）
tests["Content-Type is present"] = postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"); //Note: the getResponseHeader() method returns the header value, if it exists.
8.內(nèi)容類型存在（區(qū)分大小寫）：
tests["Content-Type is present"] = responseHeaders.hasOwnProperty("Content-Type");
9.response的響應時間小于200ms：
tests["Response time is less than 200ms"] = responseTime < 200;
10.狀態(tài)碼為200：
tests["Status code is 200"] = responseCode.code === 200;
11.Code name contains a string：
tests["Status code name has string"] = responseCode.name.has("Created");
12.成功的POST request狀態(tài)碼：
tests["Successful POST request"] = responseCode.code === 201 || responseCode.code === 202;
13.Use TinyValidator for JSON data
var schema = {
"items": {
"type": "boolean"
}
};
var data1 = [true, false];
var data2 = [true, 123];
console.log(tv4.error);
tests["Valid Data1"] = tv4.validate(data1, schema);
tests["Valid Data2"] = tv4.validate(data2, schema);
14.Sample data files
JSON files are composed of key/value pairs：
For CSV files, the top row needs to contain variable names
Postman 使用手冊系列教程：
Postman軟件安裝
Postman使用手冊1——導入導出和發(fā)送請求查看響應
Postman使用手冊2——管理收藏
Postman使用手冊3——環(huán)境變量
Postman使用手冊4——API test
