Ageing?process?is?unstoppable

Ageing process is unstoppable, finds unprecedented study

一項史無前例的研究發現,衰老過程無法被阻止


Immortality and everlasting youth are the stuff of myths, according to new research which may finally end the eternal debate about whether we can live for ever.

一項新研究表明,長生不老、永葆青春都只存在于神話故事里。這項研究很可能會終結人們對人類能否永生的無休止爭論。

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The study, by an international collaboration of scientists from 14 countries, set out to test the "invariant rate of ageing" hypothesis, which says that a species has a relatively fixed rate of ageing from adulthood.***

來自 14 個國家的科學家們進行國際合作,開展了這項研究,旨在檢驗“衰老不變率”假說。該假說認為每個物種從成年開始都會有一個相對固定的衰老速度。

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"Our findings support the theory that, rather than slowing down death, more people are living much longer due to a reduction in mortality at younger ages," said José Manuel Aburto from Oxford's Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science.

牛津大學萊弗爾梅人口科學中心的何塞·曼努埃爾·阿伯托說:“我們的發現支持了這樣一種理論:更多的人壽命延長,不是因為衰老速度變慢了,而是因為年輕一代的死亡率下降了。”

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The debate over how much longer we can live has divided the academic community for decades, with the search for extended life and health particularly active in the UK. But what has been missing from the debate is research comparing lifespans of multiple animal populations with humans, to work out what is driving mortality.

幾十年來,關于人類能活多久的爭議分化了學術界,與此同時,對延長壽命、促進健康的探索在英國尤為活躍。然而,這場爭論缺少的是將多個動物種群的壽命與人類壽命進行比較研究,從而找出影響死亡率的關鍵性因素。

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This study plugs that gap, said Aburto. "This extraordinarily diverse collection of data enabled us to compare mortality differences both within and between species."

阿伯托稱,他們的研究填補了這一空白。“極其多樣化的數據收集,讓我們得以比較物種內部和物種之間的死亡率差異。”

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All the datasets examined by Aburto's teams revealed the same general pattern of mortality: a high risk of death in infancy which rapidly declines in the immature and teenage years, remains low until early adulthood, and then continually rises in advancing age.

阿伯托所在團隊檢驗的所有數據集都揭示了相同的死亡率常規模式:嬰兒時期的高死亡風險在幼年和青少年時期迅速下降,直到成年早期都保持在低水平,然后隨著年齡漸長而不斷上升。

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"More and more people get to live much longer now. However, the trajectory towards death in old age has not changed," he added. "This study suggests evolutionary biology trumps everything and, so far, medical advances have been unable to beat these biological constraints."

“如今,有越來越多的人活得更久。但是,人們在老年時期逐漸走向死亡的軌跡并沒有改變,”阿伯托補充說:“這項研究表明,進化生物學完勝一切,并且到目前為止,醫學的進步還無法打破這些生物限制。”

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主編:Amy

品控:木子

審核:Jojo

重點詞匯

unprecedented

/?n?pres.?.den.t??d/

adj. 史無前例的,空前的

相關詞匯:precedent(n. 先例,前例)

相關詞匯:precedented(adj. 有先例的)

詞根詞綴:un-(表否定)

英文釋義:sth. that has never happened or been done before

例句:China is taking on an unprecedented role as a major vaccine supplier to the rest of the world.

immortality

/??m.??r?t?l.?.t?i/

n. 永生,不朽

例句:He found immortality through his scientific achievements.

相關詞匯:immortal(adj. 永生的,不死的)

everlasting

/?ev.??l?s.t??/

adj. 永久的,永恒的

詞義辨析:everlasting,immortal

immortal 更強調事物是 living or lasting for ever “永生的,不死的”,比如:The pharaohs were considered gods and therefore immortal. 意思是“法老被視為神靈,因而可以得到永生。”而 everlasting 不僅強調事物是 lasting forever “永久的”,而且是 never changing “經久不變的”,比如:I have loved you with an everlasting love! 意思是“我對你的愛從未改變!”

myth

/m?θ/

n. 神話

搭配短語:ancient Greek myths

eternal

/??t??.n?l/

adj. 無休止的,沒完沒了的;永久的,永恒的

近義詞:everlasting(adj. 永久的,永恒的)

搭配短語:eternal love(永恒的)

搭配短語:eternal arguments(無休止的)

set out

(懷著目標)開始,著手;出發,啟程;陳列,擺放

搭配短語:to set out for Beijing(出發)

搭配短語:to set out their displays(擺放)

例句:They succeeded in what they set out to do.((懷著目標)開始做……)

invariant

/?n?ver.i.?nt/

adj. 恒定的,不變的

近義詞:invariable(adj. 不變的,始終如一的)

例句:It is her invariable routine to practise yoga before bedtime.

hypothesis

/ha??pɑ?.θ?.s?s/

n. 假設,假說

相關詞匯:thesis(n. 論文;論點)

詞根詞綴:hypo-(表示“低于,次于……”)

相關詞匯:hypothermia(n. 體溫過低,失溫)

mortality

/m??r?t?l.?.t?i/

n. 死亡數量,死亡率;必死性,生命的有限

反義詞:immortality(n. 永生,不朽)

divide

/d??va?d/

v.(使)產生分歧,(使)意見相左;(使)分開,分散

例句:The issue of immigration has divided voters.

lifespan

/?la?f.sp?n/

n. 壽命,使用期限

相關詞匯:span(n. 一段時間,持續時間)

例句:Most mobile phones have a lifespan of 3 to 5 years.

詞義辨析:lifespan,life expectancy

lifespan 的主語既可以是人、動物,也可以是物品,而 life expectancy 的主語通常是人或動物,并且強調是“預期壽命”。

drive

/dra?v/

v. 影響,是……的決定性因素;開車,駕駛

英文釋義:to influence sth.

例句:Rents are driven by availability.

plug the gap

填補空缺

相關詞匯:plug(v. 把……堵住,塞住)

相關詞匯:gap(n. 缺口,空白)

例句:The product was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market.

近義詞組:fill the gap

pattern

/?p?t?.?n/

n. 模式,方式;圖案,花樣;(聲音有規則排列的)模式

搭配短語:a black and white striped pattern(圖案)

搭配短語:a rhyming pattern(韻律)

搭配短語:a regular sleeping pattern(模式)

infancy

/??n.f?n.si/

n. 嬰兒期,幼年;初期,初創期

相關詞匯:infant(n. 嬰兒)

例句:Genetic engineering is still in its infancy.

immature

/??m.??t?r/

adj. 未長成的,發育未全的;(行為、思想)不成熟的

反義詞:mature(adj. 成熟的)

搭配短語:immature plants

搭配短語:emotionally immature adults

advancing

/?d?v?n.s??/

adj. 年長的,年事已高的

相關詞匯:advance(v.(使)前進;促進,推動)

例句:She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years.

trajectory

/tr??d?ek.t?.i/

n.(事物的)發展軌跡;(物體拋向空中形成的)軌道,軌跡

搭配短語:the trajectory of a spacecraft((物體拋向空中形成的)軌跡)

搭配短語:an upward career trajectory((事物的)發展軌跡)

trump

/tr?mp/

v. 勝過,打敗

詞性拓展:trump(n. 王牌;絕招,殺手锏)

搭配短語:to play one's trump card

例句:The company trumped its rivals by innovation.

constraint

/k?n?stre?nt/

n. 限制,束縛

近義詞:restriction(n. 限制,束縛)

例句:Lack of funding has been a major constraint on the building's design.

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