有這樣一個需求，前端登錄的用戶名密碼，密碼必需加密，但不可使用MD5，因為后臺要檢測密碼的復雜度，那么在保證安全的前提下將密碼傳到后臺呢，答案就是使用RSA非對稱加密算法解決 。
使用指南
java端
依賴 commons-codec 包
RSACoder.java類
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by lake on 17-4-12.
*/
public class RSACoder {
public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";
private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";
public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) {
return Base64.decodeBase64(key);
}
public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] bytes) {
return Base64.encodeBase64String(bytes);
}
/**
* 用私鑰對信息生成數字簽名
*
* @param data 加密數據
* @param privateKey 私鑰
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
// 解密由base64編碼的私鑰
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);
// 構造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec對象
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 取私鑰匙對象
PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 用私鑰對信息生成數字簽名
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initSign(priKey);
signature.update(data);
return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
}
/**
* 校驗數字簽名
*
* @param data 加密數據
* @param publicKey 公鑰
* @param sign 數字簽名
* @return 校驗成功返回true 失敗返回false
* @throws Exception
*/
public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
throws Exception {
// 解密由base64編碼的公鑰
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);
// 構造X509EncodedKeySpec對象
X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
// 取公鑰匙對象
PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
signature.initVerify(pubKey);
signature.update(data);
// 驗證簽名是否正常
return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
}
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception{
// 對密鑰解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私鑰
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 對數據解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 解密<br>
* 用私鑰解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(String data, String key)
throws Exception {
return decryptByPrivateKey(decryptBASE64(data),key);
}
/**
* 解密<br>
* 用公鑰解密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
// 對密鑰解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得公鑰
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 對數據解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 加密<br>
* 用公鑰加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(String data, String key)
throws Exception {
// 對公鑰解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得公鑰
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
// 對數據加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
}
/**
* 加密<br>
* 用私鑰加密
*
* @param data
* @param key
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key)
throws Exception {
// 對密鑰解密
byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key);
// 取得私鑰
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
// 對數據加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return cipher.doFinal(data);
}
/**
* 取得私鑰
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Key> keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);
return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 取得公鑰
*
* @param keyMap
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Key> keyMap)
throws Exception {
Key key = keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);
return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
}
/**
* 初始化密鑰
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Map<String, Key> initKey() throws Exception {
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator
.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
keyPairGen.initialize(1024);
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
Map<String, Key> keyMap = new HashMap(2);
keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, keyPair.getPublic());// 公鑰
keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, keyPair.getPrivate());// 私鑰
return keyMap;
}
}
測試RSACoderTest.java類
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.security.Key;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
/**
* Created by lake on 17-4-12.
*/
public class RSACoderTest {
private String publicKey;
private String privateKey;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
Map<String, Key> keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();
publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
System.err.println("公鑰: \n\r" + publicKey);
System.err.println("私鑰： \n\r" + privateKey);
}
@Test
public void test() throws Exception {
System.err.println("公鑰加密——私鑰解密");
String inputStr = "dounine";
byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(inputStr, publicKey);
byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData,
privateKey);
String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
}
@Test
public void testSign() throws Exception {
System.err.println("私鑰加密——公鑰解密");
String inputStr = "dounine";
byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();
byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);
System.err.println("私鑰簽名——公鑰驗證簽名");
// 產生簽名
String sign = RSACoder.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
System.err.println("簽名:" + sign);
// 驗證簽名
boolean status = RSACoder.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
System.err.println("狀態:" + status);
assertTrue(status);
}
}
前端代碼
依賴 jsencrypt 項目
<script src="bin/jsencrypt.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var encrypt = new JSEncrypt();
encrypt.setPublicKey('java生成的公鑰');
var encrypted = encrypt.encrypt('加密的字符串');
</script>
說明
前端生成加密的字符串encrypted，傳到后臺，java使用私鑰進行解密即可。
