The Etiquette of Talking Back

? ? ? 文章的第一段，作者再一次的提到了 four rules for doing a second reading of the same book——an interpretative. the four rule is determine of his poblems that author solved and which he did not，and of the latter，decide which the author knew he failed to solve.

? ? Reading a book is a kind of conversation.閱讀也是一種對話形式，閱讀的時候我們可以把自己當成書中的人物，與其他人物進行對話，或者與作者進行對話。作為一個讀者，我們有opportunity and obligation進行conversation.

? ? 我們常說：“One thousand readers, there are one thousand Hamlet.” 所以說，作者有時候是發現不了自己的問題的，因而更需要讀者的comments and suggestions.

? An intellectual etiquette one should obeserve. Without it，conversation is bickering rather than profitable communication. The profit in good conversation is something learnerd.

談話并不要求字字如金，說出來的都是什么大道理，只需要讓別人聽著舒服，更好的是能夠從你的話里能學到一些知識或者是得到啟發。

? ? 一本真正的好書是經得起懷疑和批判的。Bacon's recomn-endation to the reader:"Read not to contradict and confute；not tobelieve and take for granted；nor to find talk and discourse；but to weigh and consider."沒有一本書是完美的，即使它能夠傳授給讀者一些知識，啟發讀者。

? 如何使說的話顯得有內涵，除了借鑒之外，還可以用到 rhetoric，if our purpose in trying to communicate is serious，we wish to convince or persuade——very precisely，to convince about theoretical matters and to persuade about matters that ultimately affect action or feeling.

Simile 明喻? metaphor 暗喻

personification 擬人? ? metonymy 借代

pun 雙關 syllepsis? 一語雙敘法? irony 反語

alliteration 頭韻 repetition 反復

? I don't know what you mean，but I think you are wrong.

這句話我們可能會經常說，但是如果要反駁對方的觀點，讓對方心服口服，自己就要找到合適的理由去讓對方信服。

1.You must not begin to talk back? until you have listened carefully and are sure you understand.

2.All human disagreements can be resolved by the removal of misunderstanding of ignorance.