Android5.x RecyclerView 應用解析

有了ListView、GridView為什么還需要RecyclerView這樣的控件呢?整體上看RecyclerView架構,提供了一種插拔式的體驗,高度的解耦,異常的靈活,更高的效率,通過設置它提供的不同LayoutManager,ItemDecoration , ItemAnimator實現更加豐富多樣效果。
但是RecyclerView也有缺點和讓人頭疼的地方:設置列表的分割線時需要自定義,另外列表的點擊事件需要自己去實現。

1.導入v7包

要想使用RecyclerView,我們首先要導入support-v7包,因為我用的是android studio所以我們需要在build.gradle加入如下代碼用來自動導入support-v7包,記得配置完后重新Build一下工程。

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: '*.jar', dir: 'libs')
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
    compile 'com.android.support:design:22.2.0'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.1.0'
}

2. 使用RecyclerView
和ListView的寫法大概一樣:

 RecyclerView mRecyclerView= (RecyclerView) this.findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview);
 //設置布局管理器
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        // 設置item增加和刪除時的動畫
        mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
        mHomeAdaper=new HomeAdapter(this, mList);
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mHomeAdaper);

要比listview的設置要復雜一些,主要是需要自己去自定義分割線,設置動畫和布局管理器等等。
布局文件activity_recycler_view.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >

<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
    android:id="@+id/id_recyclerview"
    android:divider="#FFB900"
    android:dividerHeight="1dp"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</RelativeLayout>

讓我們來看看變化最大的Adaper:

class HomeAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<HomeAdapter.MyViewHolder>
{
    private List<String> mList;
    private Context mContext;;
    public HomeAdapter(Context mContext,List<String>mList){
        this.mContext=mContext;
        this.mList=mList;
    }

    public void removeData(int position) {
        mList.remove(position);
        notifyItemRemoved(position);
    }
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType)
    {
        MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(
                mContext).inflate(R.layout.item_recycler, parent,
                false));
        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position)
    {
        holder.tv.setText(mList.get(position));
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount()
    {
        return mList.size();
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
    {

        TextView tv;
        public MyViewHolder(View view)
        {
            super(view);
            tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_item);
        }
    }
}

最大的改進就是對ViewHolder進行了封裝定義,不用自己去自定義了,另外Adaper繼承RecyclerView.Adapter,在onCreateViewHolder加載條目布局,在onBindViewHolder中將視圖與數據進行綁定。

布局文件item_recycler.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:background="@android:color/white"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="moon" />
</FrameLayout>

來看看效果:



沒有分割線,難看的很,下面我們來講一講分割線。

3. 設置分割線 ItemDecoration
用mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration()來加入分割線,谷歌沒有提供默認的分割線需要我們繼承RecyclerView.ItemDecoration來自定義分割線:

public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {

    private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{
            android.R.attr.listDivider
    };

    public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;

    public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;

    private Drawable mDivider;

    private int mOrientation;

    public DividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) {
        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
        mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
        a.recycle();
        setOrientation(orientation);
    }

    public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
        if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation");
        }
        mOrientation = orientation;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
            drawVertical(c, parent);
        } else {
            drawHorizontal(c, parent);
        }

    }


    public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
        final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView v = new android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView(parent.getContext());
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
            final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
        final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
        final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();

        final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
            final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
                    .getLayoutParams();
            final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
            final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
            mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
            mDivider.draw(c);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
            outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
        } else {
            outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
        }
    }
}

實現了自定義的分割線,我們只要在setAdapter之前加入如下代碼便可加入分割線:

 mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(RecyclerViewActivity.this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));

4. 自定義點擊事件
列表中條目的點擊事件需要我們自己來定義,這是一個不盡如人意的地方,但是自定義點擊事件的話也并不是很難,在adaper中定義接口并提供回調:

 public interface OnItemClickListener
    {
        void onItemClick(View view, int position);
        void onItemLongClick(View view,int position);

    }

    public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener mOnItemClickListener)
{
    this.mOnItemClickListener = mOnItemClickListener;
}

接下來對item中的控件進行點擊事件監聽并回調給我們自定義的監聽:

 @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position)
    {
        holder.tv.setText(mList.get(position));
        if (mOnItemClickListener != null)
        {
            holder.tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
            {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v)
                {
                    int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition();
                    mOnItemClickListener.onItemClick(holder.tv,pos);
                }
            });
            holder.tv.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
                @Override
                public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
                    int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition();
                    mOnItemClickListener.onItemLongClick(holder.tv,pos);
                    return false;
                }
            });
        }
    }

在Activity進行監聽:

 mHomeAdaper.setOnItemClickListener(new HomeAdapter.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(View view, int position) {
                Toast.makeText(RecyclerViewActivity.this,"點擊第"+(position+1)+"條",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

            @Override
            public void onItemLongClick(View view, final int position) {
                new AlertDialog.Builder(RecyclerViewActivity.this)
                        .setTitle("確認刪除嘛")
                        .setNegativeButton("取消",null)
                        .setPositiveButton("確定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                                mHomeAdaper.removeData(position);
                            }
                        })
                        .show();
            }
        });

長按時會彈出對話框,刪除時會有消失的動畫:


5. 實現GridView
只需要自定義橫向的分割線然后在代碼中設置:

 mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(4,
                StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));
                 mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerGridItemDecoration(this));
                            

具體的代碼會在下面給的源碼中可以看見,實現效果:


6. 實現瀑布流
雖然第三方實現的瀑布流已經很不錯了,但是谷歌這次提供的RecyclerView支持瀑布流我們沒有理由不去用,因為更穩定,效率更高,自定義能力更強。
我們可以不用寫
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerGridItemDecoration(this));
來設置分割線,可以在item布局文件中定義分割距離 android:layout_margin="2dp":

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:background="@android:color/white"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_margin="2dp"
    >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="moon" />
</FrameLayout>

實現瀑布流很簡單只要在adaper寫一個隨機的高度來控制每個item的高度就可以了,通常這個高度是由服務端返回的數據高度來控制的,在這里我們寫一個隨機的高度來控制每個item的高度:

mHeights = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        for (int i = 0; i < mDatas.size(); i++)
        {
            mHeights.add( (int) (100 + Math.random() * 300));
        }

接著我們在adaper的onBindViewHolder來設置每個item的高度:

LayoutParams lp = holder.tv.getLayoutParams();
        lp.height = mHeights.get(position);
        holder.tv.setLayoutParams(lp);

具體的代碼請看下面給的demo,來看看效果:

7. 源碼說明
在RecyclerViewActivity的initView來配置你想要的效果:

 private void initView() {
        mRecyclerView= (RecyclerView) this.findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview);
        //設置GridView
//        setGridView();
        //設置ListView
//        setListView();
         //設置瀑布流
        setWaterfallView();

    }

源碼下載

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