有了ListView、GridView為什么還需要RecyclerView這樣的控件呢?整體上看RecyclerView架構,提供了一種插拔式的體驗,高度的解耦,異常的靈活,更高的效率,通過設置它提供的不同LayoutManager,ItemDecoration , ItemAnimator實現更加豐富多樣效果。
但是RecyclerView也有缺點和讓人頭疼的地方:設置列表的分割線時需要自定義,另外列表的點擊事件需要自己去實現。
1.導入v7包
要想使用RecyclerView,我們首先要導入support-v7包,因為我用的是android studio所以我們需要在build.gradle加入如下代碼用來自動導入support-v7包,記得配置完后重新Build一下工程。
dependencies {
compile fileTree(include: '*.jar', dir: 'libs')
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:design:22.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:22.1.0'
}
2. 使用RecyclerView
和ListView的寫法大概一樣:
RecyclerView mRecyclerView= (RecyclerView) this.findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview);
//設置布局管理器
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
// 設置item增加和刪除時的動畫
mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new DefaultItemAnimator());
mHomeAdaper=new HomeAdapter(this, mList);
mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mHomeAdaper);
要比listview的設置要復雜一些,主要是需要自己去自定義分割線,設置動畫和布局管理器等等。
布局文件activity_recycler_view.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/id_recyclerview"
android:divider="#FFB900"
android:dividerHeight="1dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</RelativeLayout>
讓我們來看看變化最大的Adaper:
class HomeAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<HomeAdapter.MyViewHolder>
{
private List<String> mList;
private Context mContext;;
public HomeAdapter(Context mContext,List<String>mList){
this.mContext=mContext;
this.mList=mList;
}
public void removeData(int position) {
mList.remove(position);
notifyItemRemoved(position);
}
@Override
public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType)
{
MyViewHolder holder = new MyViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(
mContext).inflate(R.layout.item_recycler, parent,
false));
return holder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position)
{
holder.tv.setText(mList.get(position));
}
@Override
public int getItemCount()
{
return mList.size();
}
class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
{
TextView tv;
public MyViewHolder(View view)
{
super(view);
tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_item);
}
}
}
最大的改進就是對ViewHolder進行了封裝定義,不用自己去自定義了,另外Adaper繼承RecyclerView.Adapter,在onCreateViewHolder加載條目布局,在onBindViewHolder中將視圖與數據進行綁定。
布局文件item_recycler.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="@android:color/white"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_item"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="moon" />
</FrameLayout>
來看看效果:
沒有分割線,難看的很,下面我們來講一講分割線。
3. 設置分割線 ItemDecoration
用mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration()來加入分割線,谷歌沒有提供默認的分割線需要我們繼承RecyclerView.ItemDecoration來自定義分割線:
public class DividerItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
private static final int[] ATTRS = new int[]{
android.R.attr.listDivider
};
public static final int HORIZONTAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL;
public static final int VERTICAL_LIST = LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL;
private Drawable mDivider;
private int mOrientation;
public DividerItemDecoration(Context context, int orientation) {
final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATTRS);
mDivider = a.getDrawable(0);
a.recycle();
setOrientation(orientation);
}
public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
if (orientation != HORIZONTAL_LIST && orientation != VERTICAL_LIST) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid orientation");
}
mOrientation = orientation;
}
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
drawVertical(c, parent);
} else {
drawHorizontal(c, parent);
}
}
public void drawVertical(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
final int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
final int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView v = new android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView(parent.getContext());
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
.getLayoutParams();
final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
final int bottom = top + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
public void drawHorizontal(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
final int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
final int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child
.getLayoutParams();
final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
final int right = left + mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight();
mDivider.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDivider.draw(c);
}
}
@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, int itemPosition, RecyclerView parent) {
if (mOrientation == VERTICAL_LIST) {
outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicHeight());
} else {
outRect.set(0, 0, mDivider.getIntrinsicWidth(), 0);
}
}
}
實現了自定義的分割線,我們只要在setAdapter之前加入如下代碼便可加入分割線:
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(RecyclerViewActivity.this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL_LIST));
4. 自定義點擊事件
列表中條目的點擊事件需要我們自己來定義,這是一個不盡如人意的地方,但是自定義點擊事件的話也并不是很難,在adaper中定義接口并提供回調:
public interface OnItemClickListener
{
void onItemClick(View view, int position);
void onItemLongClick(View view,int position);
}
public void setOnItemClickListener(OnItemClickListener mOnItemClickListener)
{
this.mOnItemClickListener = mOnItemClickListener;
}
接下來對item中的控件進行點擊事件監聽并回調給我們自定義的監聽:
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(final MyViewHolder holder, final int position)
{
holder.tv.setText(mList.get(position));
if (mOnItemClickListener != null)
{
holder.tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition();
mOnItemClickListener.onItemClick(holder.tv,pos);
}
});
holder.tv.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
@Override
public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
int pos = holder.getLayoutPosition();
mOnItemClickListener.onItemLongClick(holder.tv,pos);
return false;
}
});
}
}
在Activity進行監聽:
mHomeAdaper.setOnItemClickListener(new HomeAdapter.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(View view, int position) {
Toast.makeText(RecyclerViewActivity.this,"點擊第"+(position+1)+"條",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onItemLongClick(View view, final int position) {
new AlertDialog.Builder(RecyclerViewActivity.this)
.setTitle("確認刪除嘛")
.setNegativeButton("取消",null)
.setPositiveButton("確定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
mHomeAdaper.removeData(position);
}
})
.show();
}
});
長按時會彈出對話框,刪除時會有消失的動畫:
5. 實現GridView
只需要自定義橫向的分割線然后在代碼中設置:
mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(new StaggeredGridLayoutManager(4,
StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL));
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerGridItemDecoration(this));
具體的代碼會在下面給的源碼中可以看見,實現效果:
6. 實現瀑布流
雖然第三方實現的瀑布流已經很不錯了,但是谷歌這次提供的RecyclerView支持瀑布流我們沒有理由不去用,因為更穩定,效率更高,自定義能力更強。
我們可以不用寫
mRecyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerGridItemDecoration(this));
來設置分割線,可以在item布局文件中定義分割距離 android:layout_margin="2dp":
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="@android:color/white"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="2dp"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_item"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="moon" />
</FrameLayout>
實現瀑布流很簡單只要在adaper寫一個隨機的高度來控制每個item的高度就可以了,通常這個高度是由服務端返回的數據高度來控制的,在這里我們寫一個隨機的高度來控制每個item的高度:
mHeights = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (int i = 0; i < mDatas.size(); i++)
{
mHeights.add( (int) (100 + Math.random() * 300));
}
接著我們在adaper的onBindViewHolder來設置每個item的高度:
LayoutParams lp = holder.tv.getLayoutParams();
lp.height = mHeights.get(position);
holder.tv.setLayoutParams(lp);
具體的代碼請看下面給的demo,來看看效果:
7. 源碼說明
在RecyclerViewActivity的initView來配置你想要的效果:
private void initView() {
mRecyclerView= (RecyclerView) this.findViewById(R.id.id_recyclerview);
//設置GridView
// setGridView();
//設置ListView
// setListView();
//設置瀑布流
setWaterfallView();
}