Nuclear?fusion

正文

Nuclear fusion heat record a 'huge step' in quest for new energy source***

新型能源探索中的“重大突破”——核聚變創(chuàng)能量輸出新紀(jì)錄

The prospect of harnessing the power of the stars has moved a step closer to reality after scientists set a new record for the amount of energy released in a sustained fusion reaction.

日前,科學(xué)家們創(chuàng)造了核聚變反應(yīng)持續(xù)釋放能量的新記錄,這意味著,人類利用恒星力量的設(shè)想又向現(xiàn)實(shí)邁進(jìn)了一步。

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Researchers at the Joint European Torus (JET), a fusion experiment in Oxfordshire, generated 59 megajoules of heat — equivalent to about 14kg of TNT — during a five-second burst of fusion, more than doubling the previous record of 21.7 megajoules set in 1997 by the same facility.

歐洲聯(lián)合環(huán)狀反應(yīng)堆(JET)是設(shè)在英國牛津郡的一處實(shí)驗(yàn)(設(shè)施),該反應(yīng)堆的研究人員在 5 秒的核聚變反應(yīng)中產(chǎn)生了 59 兆焦耳的熱量,相當(dāng)于 14 千克 TNT 炸藥產(chǎn)生的熱量,比 1997 年由同一設(shè)備創(chuàng)下的 21.7 兆焦耳的紀(jì)錄高出了一倍多。

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The feat announced on Wednesday follows more than two decades of tests and refinements at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy and has been hailed as a "major milestone" on the road to fusion becoming a viable and sustainable low-carbon energy source.***

周三,這項(xiàng)了不起的成就被公諸于世;在此前的二十多年間,(科學(xué)家們)一直在英國卡勒姆聚變能源中心(CCFE)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)和改進(jìn)。而在核聚變成為可行和可持續(xù)的低碳能源道路上,該實(shí)驗(yàn)被譽(yù)為“重要里程碑”。

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Experiments at JET have focused on whether fusion is feasible with a fuel based on two isotopes of hydrogen known as deuterium and tritium. The latest results suggest that it is and provide crucial confirmation for Iter, a larger fusion project being built in the south of France.

JET 實(shí)驗(yàn)主要集中在氫氣的兩種同位素(氘和氚)能否作為核聚變的燃料。最新的結(jié)果表明,它不僅可行,而且給國際熱核聚變實(shí)驗(yàn)堆(法國南部一個(gè)在建的更大規(guī)模的核聚變項(xiàng)目)提供了關(guān)鍵性確認(rèn)。


If all goes well with Iter, the next step is to build a European demonstration power plant that produces more electricity than it uses and is hooked up to the grid. The prospect of fusion energy is deeply attractive because it does not release greenhouse gases and 1kg of fusion fuel contains about 10m times as much energy as 1kg of coal, oil or gas.

如果 Iter 的進(jìn)展一切順利,下一步就是建立一個(gè)歐洲示范電廠,該電廠產(chǎn)生的電量大于其耗費(fèi)的電量,并與電網(wǎng)相連。核聚變能量的前景非常有吸引力,因?yàn)樗粫尫艤厥覛怏w,而且 1 千克的聚變?nèi)剂纤鶆?chuàng)造的能量是同重量煤、石油或天然氣的 1000 萬倍。

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主編:桃子、Jack

品控:桃子

審核:Jack

重點(diǎn)詞匯

nuclear fusion

核聚變

相關(guān)短語:nuclear fission(核裂變)

文化補(bǔ)充:如今普遍使用的核能是由裂變產(chǎn)生,它依賴于原子的分裂,但這個(gè)過程會產(chǎn)生具有數(shù)萬年放射性的廢料。而核聚變更安全,是將兩個(gè)或多個(gè)原子融合成一個(gè)更大的原子,旨在模仿太陽上發(fā)生的核聚變,因此這一過程也被成為“人造太陽”。聚變在釋放巨大熱能的過程中可以產(chǎn)生更少的廢料,并且只需要少量豐富的天然燃料,比如從海水中提取元素,是世界各國淘汰化石燃料的一個(gè)頗具吸引力的選擇。

in quest for sth.

尋找某樣?xùn)|西

相關(guān)詞匯:quest(n.(長期的)探索,渴求)

搭配短語:the quest for truth

搭配短語:the quest for knowledge

例句:People journeyed to the distant Arrakis in quest of spices.

harness

/?hɑ?r.n?s/

v. 控制;利用......的動(dòng)力

英文釋義:to control and use the natural force or power of something

例句:We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity.

sustained

/s??ste?nd/

adj. 持續(xù)的,持久的

搭配短語:a period of sustained economic development

generate

/?d?en.?.re?t/

v.(以某種形式)產(chǎn)生(能量等)

英文釋義:to produce energy in a particular form

搭配短語:to generate electricity

equivalent

/??kw?v.?l.?nt/

adj. 相等的,等同的

搭配短語:be equivalent to sth.

例句:Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.

feat

/fi?t/

n. 成就,壯舉,功績

搭配短語:an amazing / astonishing / incredible / remarkable feat(非常了不起的成就)

例句:Building those tunnels is a brilliant feat of engineering.

refinement

/r?'fa?n.m?nt/

n.(精細(xì)的)改進(jìn),完善

相關(guān)詞匯:refine(v. 工業(yè)上的提純,精煉;改進(jìn),完善)

搭配短語:to refine the software

例句:The program has bugs and needs endless refinements.

hail

/he?l/

v. 稱頌,贊揚(yáng);招呼,招手叫車

搭配短語:to hail a taxi(呼叫一輛出租車)

搭配短語:ride-hailing service(打車服務(wù))

例句:The Winter Olympics was hailed as a great success.(稱頌,贊揚(yáng))

milestone

/?ma?l.sto?n/

n. 里程碑,重大事件

相關(guān)詞匯:mile(n. 英里)

相關(guān)詞匯:stone(n. 石頭)

例句:China reached a milestone in space

feasible

/?fi?.z?.b?l/

adj. 可行的,行得通的

近義詞:viable

例句:It's perfectly feasible to produce electricity without creating pollution.

isotope

/?a?.s?.to?p/

n. 同位素

demonstration

/?dem.?n?stre?.??n/

n. 演示,示范

補(bǔ)充:Iter 的建設(shè)工作正在進(jìn)行中,一旦完成,Iter 有望迎來聚變能源發(fā)展的下一個(gè)階段——核聚變示范電廠(demonstration fusion plants),也稱為 DEMO,其目標(biāo)是首次利用核聚變發(fā)電。各國研究小組都在探索 DEMO 概念和方案,雖然每個(gè)國家有不同的時(shí)間表,但科學(xué)家們普遍認(rèn)為,他們可以在 2050 年前建成并運(yùn)行能夠發(fā)電的 DEMO 型反應(yīng)堆。

hook up to sth.

連接到電子設(shè)備(或系統(tǒng)等);接通

相關(guān)詞匯:hook(n. 鉤子,掛鉤)

例句:Check that the computer is hooked up to the printer.

grid

/gr?d/

n. 電力網(wǎng),輸電網(wǎng);格子,網(wǎng)格

例句:The streets were laid out in a grid pattern.

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