Redmine管理工具
Tags: redmine 項目管理工具 團隊管理工具 問題管理工具 centos下安裝redmine
目錄
- 作者
- 安裝環境說明
- 一.更新系統關鍵組件
- 二.安裝依賴項包
- 三.安裝Apache和Mysql
- 四.關閉SELinux
- 五.設置主機名
- 六.配置防火墻
- 七.安裝PHP和phpMyAdmin
- 八.安裝ruby
- 九.安裝RubyGems
- 十.安裝Passenger
- 十一.為Redmine創建數據庫
- 十二.安裝Redmine
- 十三.設置Rails
- 十四.為Redmine創建虛擬主機
- 十五.保存文件配置并退出
作者
水士白 WaterWrite
安裝環境說明
- redmine 3.4.6
- CentOS Linux release 7.5
- Mysql 5.5
- Ruby 2.1.9
- Passenger 5.3.4
- Apache 2.4.7
一.更新系統關鍵組件
- 為方便起見，我們將按照以下方式進行操作：
選擇并復制命令（CTRL + C）
右鍵單擊Putty窗口以粘貼命令，然后按Enter執行
復制并執行以下命令以更新系統的關鍵組件：
sudo yum update
- 顯示信息如下，供參考：
Installed:
kernel.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.9.1.el7
Updated:
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.10.2-16.el7_5
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.10.2-16.el7_5
NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.10.2-16.el7_5
NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.10.2-16.el7_5
binutils.x86_64 0:2.27-28.base.el7_5.1
ca-certificates.noarch 0:2018.2.22-70.0.el7_5
centos-release.x86_64 0:7-5.1804.4.el7.centos
dhclient.x86_64 12:4.2.5-68.el7.centos.1
dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.2.5-68.el7.centos.1
dhcp-libs.x86_64 12:4.2.5-68.el7.centos.1
e2fsprogs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5
e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5
gnupg2.x86_64 0:2.0.22-5.el7_5
iptables.x86_64 0:1.4.21-24.1.el7_5
kernel-tools.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.9.1.el7
kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.9.1.el7
libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5
libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5
libstdc++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
linux-firmware.noarch 0:20180220-62.2.git6d51311.el7_5
nspr.x86_64 0:4.19.0-1.el7_5
nss.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5
nss-softokn.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5
nss-softokn-freebl.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5
nss-sysinit.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5
nss-tools.x86_64 0:3.36.0-5.el7_5
nss-util.x86_64 0:3.36.0-1.el7_5
openldap.x86_64 0:2.4.44-15.el7_5
procps-ng.x86_64 0:3.3.10-17.el7_5.2
python.x86_64 0:2.7.5-69.el7_5
python-libs.x86_64 0:2.7.5-69.el7_5
python-perf.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.9.1.el7
rsyslog.x86_64 0:8.24.0-16.el7_5.4
selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.13.1-192.el7_5.4
selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.13.1-192.el7_5.4
sudo.x86_64 0:1.8.19p2-14.el7_5
yum-plugin-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.31-46.el7_5
yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-46.el7_5
Complete!
- 更新完成后，我們需要使用以下命令重新啟動系統：
reboot
二.安裝依賴項包
這些是用于編譯其他包的環境設置和實用工具的基本軟件包。
復制塊命令并在命令行中執行：
這是一個很長的命令行，負責全部內容。
sudo yum -y install nano zip unzip libyaml-devel zlib-devel curl-devel openssl-devel httpd-devel apr-devel apr-util-devel mysql-devel gcc ruby-devel gcc-c++ make postgresql-devel ImageMagick-devel sqlite-devel perl-LDAP mod_perl perl-Digest-SHA
- 顯示信息如下，供參考：
Installed:
ImageMagick-devel.x86_64 0:6.7.8.9-15.el7_2
apr-devel.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1
apr-util-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
httpd-devel.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1
libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-46.el7
libyaml-devel.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0
mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
nano.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7
openssl-devel.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-12.el7
perl-Digest-SHA.x86_64 1:5.85-4.el7
perl-LDAP.noarch 1:0.56-5.el7
postgresql-devel.x86_64 0:9.2.23-3.el7_4
ruby-devel.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-33.el7_4
sqlite-devel.x86_64 0:3.7.17-8.el7
unzip.x86_64 0:6.0-19.el7
zip.x86_64 0:3.0-11.el7
zlib-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.7-17.el7
Dependency Installed:
ImageMagick.x86_64 0:6.7.8.9-15.el7_2
OpenEXR-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.1-7.el7
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1
apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
avahi-libs.x86_64 0:0.6.31-19.el7
bzip2-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7
cairo.x86_64 0:1.14.8-2.el7
cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-35.el7
cyrus-sasl.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7
cyrus-sasl-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.26-23.el7
expat-devel.x86_64 0:2.1.0-10.el7_3
fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.10.95-11.el7
fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7
freetype-devel.x86_64 0:2.4.11-15.el7
gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.5-1.el7
ghostscript.x86_64 0:9.07-28.el7_4.2
ghostscript-devel.x86_64 0:9.07-28.el7_4.2
ghostscript-fonts.noarch 0:5.50-32.el7
glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7
glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7
graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3
harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.3.2-1.el7
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-80.el7.centos.1
ilmbase.x86_64 0:1.0.3-7.el7
jasper-devel.x86_64 0:1.900.1-31.el7
jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-31.el7
jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7
kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.9.1.el7
keyutils-libs-devel.x86_64 0:1.5.8-3.el7
krb5-devel.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7
lcms2.x86_64 0:2.6-3.el7
libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7
libICE-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7
libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7
libSM-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7
libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7
libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7
libX11-devel.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7
libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7
libXau-devel.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7
libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7
libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7
libXext-devel.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7
libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7
libXfont.x86_64 0:1.5.2-1.el7
libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7
libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7
libXt.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7
libXt-devel.x86_64 0:1.1.5-3.el7
libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7
libcom_err-devel.x86_64 0:1.42.9-12.el7_5
libdb-devel.x86_64 0:5.3.21-24.el7
libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7
libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7
libjpeg-turbo-devel.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7
libkadm5.x86_64 0:1.15.1-19.el7
libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7
libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2
librsvg2.x86_64 0:2.40.16-1.el7
libselinux-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-12.el7
libsepol-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-8.1.el7
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1
libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7
libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-27.el7_3
libtiff-devel.x86_64 0:4.0.3-27.el7_3
libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-22.el7_3
libverto-devel.x86_64 0:0.2.5-4.el7
libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.14.0-2.el7
libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.14.0-2.el7
libwmf-lite.x86_64 0:0.2.8.4-41.el7_1
libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7
libxcb-devel.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7
libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7
libyaml.x86_64 0:0.1.4-11.el7_0
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:17.2.3-8.20171019.el7
mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:17.2.3-8.20171019.el7
mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:17.2.3-8.20171019.el7
mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:17.2.3-8.20171019.el7
mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7
openldap-devel.x86_64 0:2.4.44-15.el7_5
pango.x86_64 0:1.40.4-1.el7
pcre-devel.x86_64 0:8.32-17.el7
perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7
perl-Authen-SASL.noarch 0:2.15-10.el7
perl-Business-ISBN.noarch 0:2.06-2.el7
perl-Business-ISBN-Data.noarch 0:20120719.001-2.el7
perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7
perl-Convert-ASN1.noarch 0:0.26-4.el7
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7
perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7
perl-Digest-HMAC.noarch 0:1.03-5.el7
perl-Digest-MD5.x86_64 0:2.52-3.el7
perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7
perl-Encode-Locale.noarch 0:1.03-5.el7
perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7
perl-File-Listing.noarch 0:6.04-7.el7
perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7
perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7
perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7
perl-GSSAPI.x86_64 0:0.28-9.el7
perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7
perl-HTML-Parser.x86_64 0:3.71-4.el7
perl-HTML-Tagset.noarch 0:3.20-15.el7
perl-HTTP-Cookies.noarch 0:6.01-5.el7
perl-HTTP-Daemon.noarch 0:6.01-7.el7
perl-HTTP-Date.noarch 0:6.02-8.el7
perl-HTTP-Message.noarch 0:6.06-6.el7
perl-HTTP-Negotiate.noarch 0:6.01-5.el7
perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-IO-HTML.noarch 0:1.00-2.el7
perl-IO-Socket-IP.noarch 0:0.21-5.el7
perl-IO-Socket-SSL.noarch 0:1.94-7.el7
perl-JSON.noarch 0:2.59-2.el7
perl-LWP-MediaTypes.noarch 0:6.02-2.el7
perl-Mozilla-CA.noarch 0:20130114-5.el7
perl-Net-HTTP.noarch 0:6.06-2.el7
perl-Net-LibIDN.x86_64 0:0.12-15.el7
perl-Net-SSLeay.x86_64 0:1.55-6.el7
perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7
perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-292.el7
perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7
perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7
perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7
perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7
perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7
perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7
perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7
perl-Text-Soundex.x86_64 0:3.04-4.el7
perl-Text-Unidecode.noarch 0:0.04-20.el7
perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7
perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7
perl-TimeDate.noarch 1:2.30-2.el7
perl-URI.noarch 0:1.60-9.el7
perl-WWW-RobotRules.noarch 0:6.02-5.el7
perl-XML-Filter-BufferText.noarch 0:1.01-17.el7
perl-XML-NamespaceSupport.noarch 0:1.11-10.el7
perl-XML-SAX-Base.noarch 0:1.08-7.el7
perl-XML-SAX-Writer.noarch 0:0.53-4.el7
perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7
perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7
perl-libwww-perl.noarch 0:6.05-2.el7
perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-292.el7
perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7
perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7
perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7
perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7
pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7
poppler-data.noarch 0:0.4.6-3.el7
postgresql.x86_64 0:9.2.23-3.el7_4
postgresql-libs.x86_64 0:9.2.23-3.el7_4
ruby.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-33.el7_4
ruby-irb.noarch 0:2.0.0.648-33.el7_4
ruby-libs.x86_64 0:2.0.0.648-33.el7_4
rubygem-bigdecimal.x86_64 0:1.2.0-33.el7_4
rubygem-io-console.x86_64 0:0.4.2-33.el7_4
rubygem-json.x86_64 0:1.7.7-33.el7_4
rubygem-psych.x86_64 0:2.0.0-33.el7_4
rubygem-rdoc.noarch 0:4.0.0-33.el7_4
rubygems.noarch 0:2.0.14.1-33.el7_4
stix-fonts.noarch 0:1.1.0-5.el7
urw-fonts.noarch 0:2.4-16.el7
xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-20.el7
xorg-x11-proto-devel.noarch 0:7.7-20.el7
Complete!
三.安裝Apache和Mysql
Apache是一個通過HTTP協議進行通信的服務器應用程序。 Apache可在Unix，Linux，Microsoft Windows和其他操作系統等操作系統上運行。
Apache在互聯網和萬維網的發展中發揮著重要作用。
MySQL是世界上最流行的數據庫管理免費開源，MySQL具有高速，穩定和易用性，可移植性，在多個操作系統上運行，提供了一個非常強大的實用功能系統。
憑借速度和高安全性，MySQL非常適合訪問互聯網上數據庫的應用程序。
- 使用以下命令安裝Apache：
sudo yum -y install httpd
- 操作系統啟動時允許啟動服務：
sudo chkconfig httpd on
sudo service httpd start
- centos7默認不支持mysql，默認支持的是mariadb，mariadb是mysql一個開源分支。
- 如果已經安裝mariadb，請使用以下方法將其卸載：
a.卸載mariadb，否則安裝mysql會出現沖突,
- 執行命令
rpm -qa | grep mariadb列出所有被安裝的mariadb rpm 包；
- 執行命令
rpm -e --nodeps 包名稱（比如：rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64）逐個將所有列出的mariadb rpm 包給卸載掉
- 增加官方的yum源
- 以安裝mysql5.6為例：
創建并編輯mysql-community.repo文件
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo
將以下內容粘貼進去并保存
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/7/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
注意：gpgcheck是GPG加密校驗，官方文檔中,值為1，但check會報錯誤，所以這里改為0跳過檢查，對安裝無影響。
- 安裝Mysql，執行命令：
sudo yum install mysql-community-server
顯示效果如下，供參考：
Installed:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7
net-tools.x86_64 0:2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
Complete!
- 操作系統啟動時允許啟動服務：
sudo chkconfig mysqld on
sudo service mysqld start
- 設置mysql的root密碼
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
# 因為我們沒有root帳戶的密碼所以請按Enter跳過。
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] Y
# 選擇“y”以設置MySQL root帳戶的密碼。
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
# 輸入并確認您的密碼，刪除匿名用戶，選擇y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
# 允許以root帳戶遠程登錄MySQL，選擇n。
... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
# 刪除測試數據庫，選擇“y”
- Dropping test database...
ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
... Failed! Not critical, keep moving...
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
# 重新加載權限表，選擇y
... Success!
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
Cleaning up...
四.關閉SELinux
SELinux是Linux操作系統的高級安全功能，在安裝系統時，您需要關閉此功能才能順利完成該過程，成功后您可以根據需要打開。
sudo nano /etc/selinux/config
按照以下內容修改 :
SELINUX=disabled
- 修改效果如下，供參考：
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are prote$
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
- 按CTRL + O保存文件，然后按CTRL + X退出。
五.設置主機名
默認情況下，在安裝新的操作系統Centos時未設置主機名，因此我們需要使用以下命令進行設置：
sudo nano /etc/hosts
GNU nano 2.3.1 File: /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
添加您在命令行上設置的域名或主機名，保存文件并退出，重新啟動時將更改服務器名稱。
六.配置防火墻
我們不想關閉防火墻，因為它非常重要，因此您需要添加規則以允許HTTP端口80和HTTPS端口443。
CentOS 7中防火墻是一個非常的強大的功能，在CentOS 6.5中在iptables防火墻中進行了升級了。CentOS 7 中默認Firewall動態管理防火墻
- 檢查動態防火墻是否開啟
ps -ef | grep firewalld
root 17724 1 0 14:49 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
root 17851 17562 0 15:01 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto firewalld
如果firewalld進程不存在，請輸入啟動命令:
sudo systemctl start firewalld.service
- 添加端口22、80、8080、443和3306端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
- 檢查端口是否配置成功
sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports
80/tcp 8080/tcp 443/tcp 3306/tcp 22/tcp
- 配置防火墻開機自啟動
sudo chkconfig firewalld on
Note: Forwarding request to 'systemctl enable firewalld.service'.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service.
- 最后，我們需要重新啟動系統以將更改應用于SELinux和Hostname。
sudo reboot
七.安裝PHP和phpMyAdmin
因為我們使用MySQL數據庫管理系統，所以我們需要安裝phpMyAdmin程序管理。
phpMyAdmin是一個免費的開源工具，由PHP語言編寫，通過Web瀏覽器管理MySQL數據庫。
它可以創建，修改或刪除數據庫，表，字段或記錄，執行SQL語句或管理用戶和權限。
- 安裝PHP和包的命令：
sudo yum -y install php php-mysql php-gd php-imap php-ldap php-mbstring php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-pecl-apc php-soap
命令執行后顯示如下，供參考：
Installed:
php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 php-gd.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-ldap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 php-mbstring.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 php-odbc.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.4-21.el7 php-soap.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-xml.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 php-xmlrpc.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
Dependency Installed:
libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7
libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-process.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7 t1lib.x86_64 0:5.1.2-14.el7
unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-11.el7
Complete!
- 重新啟動Apache服務
sudo service httpd restart
- 然后，安裝phpMyadmin：
sudo yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
sudo yum -y install phpmyadmin
命令執行后顯示內容如下，供參考：
Installed:
phpMyAdmin.noarch 0:4.4.15.10-3.el7
Dependency Installed:
compat-libtidy.x86_64 0:0.99.0-37.20091203.el7
dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
php-bcmath.x86_64 0:5.4.16-45.el7
php-fedora-autoloader.noarch 0:1.0.0-1.el7
php-php-gettext.noarch 0:1.0.12-1.el7
php-tcpdf.noarch 0:6.2.13-1.el7
php-tcpdf-dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:6.2.13-1.el7
php-tidy.x86_64 0:5.4.16-7.el7
Complete!
- 編輯虛擬主機文件以允許遠程登錄phpMyadmin。
sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
- 編輯phpMyadmin的配置文件
默認情況下，CentOS 7上的phpMyAdmin只允許從回環地址(127.0.0.1)訪問。為了能遠程連接，你需要改動它的配置。
用文本編輯器打開phpMyAdmin的配置文件(路徑：/etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf)，找出并注釋掉帶有"Require ip XXXX"字樣的代碼行。會有四處這樣的代碼行，用"Require all granted"取而代之。重新改動過的配置文件如下所示。
<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
# Apache 2.4
<RequireAny>
# Require ip 127.0.0.1
# Require ip ::1
Require all granted
</RequireAny>
</IfModule>
<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
# Apache 2.2
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from 127.0.0.1
Allow from ::1
</IfModule>
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/setup/>
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
# Apache 2.4
<RequireAny>
# Require ip 127.0.0.1
# Require ip ::1
Require all granted
</RequireAny>
</IfModule>
<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
# Apache 2.2
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from 127.0.0.1
Allow from ::1
</IfModule>
</Directory>
# These directories do not require access over HTTP - taken from the original
# phpMyAdmin upstream tarball
#
<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/libraries/>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from None
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/setup/lib/>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from None
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/setup/frames/>
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from None
</Directory>
- 最后，重啟httpd使改動生效
$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
- 成功安裝phpMyadmin后，您可以在以下地址查看：
HTTP：//你的域名/ phpMyAdmin的
使用帳戶登錄：root / your_password
用密碼已經設置在上面安裝MySQL數據庫的步驟。
phpMyadmin界面
注意：如果在PC上或不在專用服務器上的虛擬機中安裝Redmine系統，我們需要將應用程序phpMyadmin切換為在端口8080上運行，因為端口80將在后續步驟中用于Redmine。
我們需要向防火墻添加端口8080(已在第六章配置防火墻描述并添加)并更改phpMyadmin的VirtualHost。
- 編輯VirtualHost文件以在端口8080上運行phpMyadmin
$ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
修改如下內容，供參考：
<VirtualHost *:8080>
DocumentRoot /usr/share/phpmyadmin/
ServerName your_domain.com
</VirtualHost>
接下來，添加命令以允許偵聽文件“httpd.conf”中的端口8080
$ sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
添加以下命令：
Listen 8080
保存文件并退出，重新啟動Apache服務：
$ sudo service httpd restart
現在，phpMyadmin將在地址8080上運行：
八.安裝ruby
Ruby是一種面向對象的編程語言，能夠反射。 語法繼承自Ada和Perl，具有Smalltalk的面向對象特性，并且還與Python，Lisp，Dylan和CLU共享一些特性，Ruby是單階段解釋器。
Ruby提供編程模式，包括函數式編程，面向對象，命令式，反射式，它使用動態變量和自動內存管理。
- 使用版本管理程序RVM安裝Ruby解釋器：
$ \curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash
- 成功之后，我們將推出RVM
$ source /home/parallels/.rvm/scripts/rvm
- 以下命令將列出要安裝的Ruby版本：
$ rvm list known
顯示內容如下，供參考：
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.10]
[ruby-]2.2[.10]
[ruby-]2.3[.7]
[ruby-]2.4[.4]
[ruby-]2.5[.1]
[ruby-]2.6[.0-preview2]
ruby-head
- 我們選擇穩定版本[ruby-] 2.2 [.10]，并執行以下命令：
$ rvm install 2.2
安裝過程相當長，但您不需要任何干預，成功后，請使用以下命令進行檢查：
注：如果下載非常慢，可以輸入以下指令修改gem源，然后再運行rvm install 2.2
$ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/ $ gem sources -l *** CURRENT SOURCES *** https://gems.ruby-china.com
$ ruby -v
ruby 2.2.10p489 (2018-03-28 revision 63023) [x86_64-linux]
九.安裝RubyGems
Rubygems是一個Ruby的包管理程序，在Ruby語言和Ruby On Rails框架編寫的應用程序中非常流行。
$ yum -y install rubygems
十.安裝Passenger
Passenger的全名是Phusion Passenger，稱為mod_rails或mod_rack，它是一個與Apache集成的Web應用程序，它可以作為Ruby On Rails應用程序的獨立Web服務器支持。
- 執行以下命令：
$ gem install passenger
$ passenger-install-apache2-module
顯示如下，供參考：
This installer will guide you through the entire installation process. It
shouldn't take more than 3 minutes in total.
Here's what you can expect from the installation process:
1. The Apache 2 module will be installed for you.
2. You'll learn how to configure Apache.
3. You'll learn how to deploy a Ruby on Rails application.
Don't worry if anything goes wrong. This installer will advise you on how to
solve any problems.
Press Enter to continue, or Ctrl-C to abort.
--------------------------------------------
Which languages are you interested in?
Use <space> to select.
If the menu doesn't display correctly, press '!'
? Ruby
? ? Python
? Node.js
? Meteor
- 完成后，我們在窗口中復制通知塊以在后續步驟中創建配置文件（選擇塊通知并按C進行復制）。
LoadModule passenger_module /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p545/gems/passenger-4.0.37/buildout/apache2/mod_passenger.so
<IfModule mod_passenger.c>
PassengerRoot /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p545/gems/passenger-4.0.37
PassengerDefaultRuby /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p545/wrappers/ruby
</IfModule>
- 為Passenger創建一個新的虛擬主機文件：
$ nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/passenger.conf
- 將命令塊粘貼到空文件中并保存，然后重新啟動Apache服務。
$ service httpd restart
十一.為Redmine創建數據庫
使用MySQLAdmin為Redmine創建一個空數據庫，保存密碼以在接下來的步驟中填寫配置文件。
$ mysql --user=root --password=root_password_mysql
> create database redmine_db character set utf8;
> create user 'redmine_admin'@'localhost' identified by 'your_new_password';
> grant all privileges on redmine_db.* to 'redmine_admin'@'localhost';
> quit;
十二.安裝Redmine
Redmine是項目管理系統的主要程序，我們將從Redmine網站下載并安裝該程序。
- 將Redmine版本3.4.6下載到Centos OS上的目錄“/ var / www”。
$ cd /var/www
$ yum install wget
$ wget http://www.redmine.org/releases/redmine-3.4.6.tar.gz
- 解壓縮文件夾并重命名目錄
$ tar xvfz redmine-3.4.6.tar.gz
$ mv redmine-3.4.6 redmine
$ rm -rf redmine-3.4.6.tar.gz
- 配置數據庫
接下來，我們需要配置數據庫是從上面的步驟創建的。
$ cd /var/www/redmine/config
$ cp database.yml.example database.yml
$ nano database.yml
配置"production"內容如下：
production:
adapter: mysql2
database: redmine_db
host: localhost
username: redmine_admin
password: "123456"
encoding: utf8
輸入數據庫名稱，輸入數據庫的用戶名和密碼。 按CTRL + O保存文件，按CTRL + X退出。
十三.設置Rails
- 使用Bundle安裝Rails的軟件包庫支持。
$ bundle config mirror.https://rubygems.org https://gems.ruby-china.org
$ cd /var/www/redmine
$ gem install bundler
$ bundle install
$ rake generate_secret_token
- 接下來，我們為Redmine應用程序創建數據庫表。
$ RAILS_ENV=production rake db:migrate
$ RAILS_ENV=production rake redmine:load_default_data
Select language: ar, az, bg, bs, ca, cs, da, de, el, en, en-GB, es, es-PA, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, gl, he, hr, hu, id, it, ja, ko, lt, lv, mk, mn, nl, no, pl, pt, pt-BR, ro, ru, sk, sl, sq, sr, sr-YU, sv, th, tr, uk, vi, zh, zh-TW [en] zh
- 激活FCGI
$ cd /var/www/redmine/public
$ cp dispatch.fcgi.example dispatch.fcgi
$ cp htaccess.fcgi.example .htaccess
- 設置Apache和FastCGI
$ cd /var/www/
$ rpm --import https://fedoraproject.org/static/0608B895.txt
$ wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
$ rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
$ yum -y install mod_fcgid
$ rm -rf epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
- 創建文件目錄
該目錄包含在Redmine作為文檔或圖像文件操作期間生成的數據文件，我們在“/ opt”中創建一個新目錄。
$ mkdir -p /opt/redmine/files
$ chown -R apache:apache /opt/redmine
$ cd /var/www/redmine/config
$ cp configuration.yml.example configuration.yml
$ nano configuration.yml
# Configuration of the autologin cookie.
# autologin_cookie_name: the name of the cookie (default: autologin)bsolute path to the directory where attachments are stored.
# The default is the 'files' directory in your Redmine instance.
# Your Redmine instance needs to have write permission on this
# directory.
# Examples:
attachments_storage_path: /opt/redmine/files
# attachments_storage_path: D:/redmine/files
#attachments_storage_path:
將包含剛剛在上一步中創建的數據文件的目錄路徑輸入“attachments_storage_path”行。
注意：您必須在字符“：”之后的路徑“/ opt / redmine / files”的開頭添加一個空格
十四.為Redmine創建虛擬主機
在端口80上為Redmine應用程序創建Apache配置文件。
$ ln -s /var/www/redmine/public/ /var/www/html/redmine
$ nano /etc/httpd/conf.d/redmine.conf
復制下面的文本并粘貼到編輯器窗口，記下要更改域名的信息。
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/redmine
ErrorLog logs/redmine_error_log
PassengerAppRoot /var/www/redmine/
</VirtualHost>
十五.保存文件配置并退出
在第一次執行Redmine之前，我們必須對安裝Redmine的目錄進行權限并重新啟動Apache服務。
$ cd /var/www
$ chown -R apache:apache redmine
$ chmod -R 755 redmine
$ service httpd restart
Redmine將在以下地址URL運行：
HTTP：//您的域
使用管理員帳戶登錄系統：admin / admin
您可以在成功登錄后更改密碼。
我們可以看到Redmine已經運行但非常原始，在接下來的步驟中我們將安裝支持插件和自定義Redmine使用專業。
參考資料：
1.https://www.redmine.org/projects/redmine/wiki/Install_Redmine_25x_on_Centos_65_complete
2.https://blog.csdn.net/yyycheng/article/details/79753032
3.https://blog.csdn.net/u011304615/article/details/78871479
4.http://www.bubuko.com/infodetail-2276084.html
