topic 3 ?
day 1 ?Words and Expressions
1. derail: verb./ n
?(1) If a train derails or is derailed, it comes off the rail tracks. ?使（火車）出軌 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(2)?to prevent?a plan?or process?from succding. 阻撓 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.
2. breach : n
(1) tha act of breaking? law, promise, aggreement, or relationship.破壞，違犯，違反，不履行 ? ? ? eg. They felt? that our discussion with other companies constituted?a breach of/ in?our agreement. ? ??be in breach of sth:to be breaking a particular law or rule 違反（法律或規章） ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. The theatre was in breach of the safety laws for having no fire doors. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?(2) a hole that is made in a wall or in another structure being used for protection during an attack（墻或防御工事上的）缺口 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg.?A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls.
Verb. ? (1)?to break a law, promise, agreement, or relationship破壞，違犯；違反 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. They breached the agreement they had made with their employer. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??(2) to make an opening in a wall or fence, especially in order to attack someone or ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?something behind it（尤指為從背后突襲）在…上打開缺口 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.?Their defences were easily breached.
3. extortion: N : the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? force or threats. 勒索， 威脅 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg. He has been charged with extortion and abusing his power.
4. prosthetics: N the branch of surgery concerned with prosthesis 修復學 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?詞根：prosthesis ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?n.?prosthesis 假體；添字首音； ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?prosthetist 修復學家 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?prosthodontics 假牙修復學；假牙修復術（等于prosthodontia）
5. gadget? N-COUNT ：a small device or machine with a particular purpose?小器具；小裝置；小玩意兒 ??kitchen gadgets ：?廚房器具 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg. Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites.
6. insulin :?a hormone in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood ? ?胰島素
7. pacemaker?noun [ C ] ?(runner) also pacesetter: ?the person or animal that establishes the speed in a race, or a person or organization that is an example for others by being successful ??領跑人，領跑動物；帶頭人，標兵
pacemaker noun [ C ] (device)? 心臟起搏器
?8. vigilance ?noun [ U ]?more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger ?警覺；警戒；警惕
eg. The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread.
9. wizardry ?noun [ U ]
(1)?the skill of a wizard?巫術，魔法 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (2)?clever or surprising ways of doing things, especially with special machines（尤指使用特殊機器的）奇妙方法
eg. Using their high-tech wizardry, the police were able to locate the owners of the stolen property within hours of it being seized.
10. paranoia?n. (1) an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you?疑神疑鬼，多疑
There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment.
[ U ] (2)妄想癥；偏執狂
11. encryption: n 加密 ? v. encrypt
data encryption數據加密 ??encryption technology加密技術
12. hamper: ?v. to prevent someone doing something easily ?阻礙，妨礙
eg. Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? n. 食品盒；洗衣籃
13. gizmo?noun [ C ] informal : ?any small device with a particular purpose?小裝置；小玩意兒；小東西
eg. electronic gizmos ??小電子裝置
14. botnet: N a network of computers infected by a program that communicates with its creator in order to send unsolicited emails, attack websites, etc 僵尸網絡; 被一程序感染的計算機網絡，該程序接收程序創建者指令，向互聯網大量主機發送不請自來的郵件、攻擊網絡等
15. moot:?verb (formal) :?to suggest something for discussion?提出…供討論 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s.
adj.(1)? often discussed or argued about but having no definite answer有討論余地的；未決的eg. It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??(2)(IN LAW) ?If a legal question is moot, it does not need to be dealt with, because something has happened that solves the issue.?無實際意義的
eg. The court's decision became moot when the defendant was found dead.
n.（法學院學生的）模擬審判，模擬案件討論 ?a moot court ?模擬法庭
16. disclaimer ? ?noun [ C ]
(1) a formal statement saying that you are not legally responsible for something, such as the information given in a book or on the internet, or that you have no direct involvement in it?否認；否認聲明
?(2) (specialized law) a formal statement giving up your legal claim to something or ending your connection with it?放棄書，棄權書
17. premium?[ C ] ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (1) an amount that is more than usual?獎金，津貼；加價；附加費 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg. We're willing to pay a premium for the best location.
(2) an amount of money paid to get insurance ?保險費 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. Car insurance premiums have increased this year.
18. prod?v & n
?(1)?to push something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?（用手指、尖物等）刺，捅；戳 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg. I prodded her in the back to get her attention.
(2) to encourage someone to take action, especially when they are being slow or ?unwilling ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?激勵，促使，敦促 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg.?He gets things done, but only after I've prodded him into doing them.
19. default verb:?to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do ? ? ? ? default on:拖欠，不履行債務；違約 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.People who default on their mortgage repayments may have their home repossessed.
n.. a.不履行; 違約 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg.?The corporation may be charged with default on its contract with the government. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?b.?A default situation?is what exists or happens unless someone or something changes it.原樣的 ? eg.?He appeared unimpressed; but then, unimpressed was his default state. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?c.? In computing,the default?is a particular set of instructions which the computer always uses unless the person using the computer gives other instructions.?默認值 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? eg.The default setting on Windows Explorer will not show these files. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??d.by default: If something happens by default, it happens only because something else which might have prevented it or changed it has not happened. 在另外的可能性沒有發生的情況下 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?eg. I would rather pay the individuals than let the money go to the State by default.
20. excoriate:?verb?to write or say that a play, book, political action, etc. is very bad ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??嚴厲指責，痛斥（戲劇、書、政治行為等）
eg. His latest novel received excoriating reviews.
21.lax:?without much care, attention, or control ? ?馬虎的；不嚴格的；不嚴厲的
eg. The subcommittee contends that the authorities were lax in investigating most of the cases ??
? Day 2?神句神詞組翻譯 & 思維導圖
1. It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
人們不禁認為運用科技的魔力，開發更多安全保護的應用，同時提醒用戶提高警惕便可以解決網絡安全的問題。
通過利用更多尖端技術并提高警覺能解決安全問題-------------這一想法十分誘人。
注:分割長句,保留原意的同時,令譯文讀起來更加順暢.
2. That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
要提高對安全性問題的重視需要培養一種發現安全隱患就要及時解決的意識，而這樣的意識通常是非科技公司所不具備的。
這就需要一種刻意培養的偏執，但非技術型的公司并不會自然而然的具備這一特質。
Cultivated paranoia字面意思指培養偏執，Cultivate培養，指有意識的形成某一特點，paranoia偏執，聯系后面一句，提到所有的公司都應該積極主動檢查漏洞，在問題發生之前及時修補，就好似平時我們說的偏執強迫癥，可能明明門窗都關好了，但是出門前還得再三檢查一下，由于出錯的代價巨大，對于IT方面的漏洞就應該重視到近乎偏執，但是非技術公司一般都沒有這樣的傳統習慣。
3. Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
人們最開始發明網絡時并沒有考慮到安全性問題，這也是造成計算機存在嚴重安全隱患的原因之一。
互聯網的歷史使得這一弱點雪上加霜， 一直以來，人們都是事后才會考慮安全性的問題．
4. Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
使用一套對所有人通用的強大加密技術才能最好地提升計算機安全性能。
為所有人提供強化加密是最有利于計算機安全的.
Be best served by是一個非常常見的詞組, 表示最有利的是….Eg. Rather than support America, European “allies” increasingly see their national interests best served by distancing themselves from the US as much as possible./? This suggests that small, open economies may be best served by fixed exchange rates.
5. A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
公司采取適當措施提高安全性能，但要避免破產還是最終要向保險公司妥協。
compromise: 此處意為損害，危及
采取合理措施加強安全但仍然受到侵害的公司,可以向保險公司索賠以避免破產。
6. But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
設立最低標準的目的也正在于此。 跑偏啦！
但是制定最低標準的作用也很局限。
Get you far: 表示作用巨大，而get you only so far則表示作用有限
Eg. But hard work will only get you so far, the rest is genetic, according to an expert.
Clear and powerful writing is a rare skill in business, and it will get you far.
雖然正反都可以用，但還是否定出現的頻率更高．建議自己再多擴展幾個句子。
7. Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
對于硅谷來說，其“快速發展，不斷突破”的創新方式只有在其尚不完善時卻能獲得較多的自主權不斷推出自己新的產品這種情況下才有可能獲得成功。
沒有正確翻出“they”
硅谷“快速行動勇于突破”的創新理念行得通的前提在于: 公司有相對自由的權利推出尚未完善的產品。
Put out=launch也是高頻詞。發布新產品：launch/put out a new product
神詞組：
Take security serious enough: 足夠重視安全, take sth seriously, pay attention to,
attach importance to都是“重視”的意思。大家可以繼續舉一反三，因為重視二字實在太太常見了。
Take advantage of:利用
Point of illicit entry:非法入侵點
Create incentives for safer behavior: 創建鼓勵安全行為的激勵方案， incentive高頻詞
Refrain from doing sth: 克制做…
Spark calls for: 激發對….的呼聲
Hamper the ability of:削弱…的能力
Oblige sb to do sth: 強制某人干某事
Disclaim liability for: 豁免…的責任
Draw comparisons to: 與….對比
Lax attitude: 松懈的態度
Come down hard with:嚴厲懲罰
思維導圖
day 10 ?小結
經過前兩篇文章的洗禮，閱讀第三篇文章時會明顯感覺輕松了一些。雖然目前還沒有發生質的改變，不過慢慢感覺自己的進步還是蠻有成就感的。整理詞匯感覺越來越得心應手，格式調整了一下，瞬間順眼一些了哈。畫邏輯思維導圖的時候也不會再抓耳撓腮，半天不知從何瞎逼，神句翻譯練習的速度也加快了一些。但是問題依然存在，需要繼續改進。我邏輯思維導圖邏輯不夠嚴密，有些地方扣的"帽子" 概括性、準確性還不夠。今天聽了篤師的音頻，學到了一個一般思路，即“提出問題，解決問題，給出現狀和未來趨勢，一正一反交替論證法” ，感覺很有道理，打算下篇文章自己就去驗證一下哈，哈哈。神句翻譯，首先的理解好原文的意思。意思搞錯了翻得再好也白搭。而且在翻譯的時候一定要把句子放到文章中聯系上下文，這樣便于理解，有助于翻譯。同時，在翻譯時我還應該注意措辭表達，感覺自己的中文不夠地道，怪別扭的。要繼續好好補語文！先廢話到這吧。再接再厲，只為遇見更好的自己！
topic 4?
day 1?words and expressions
1. palaeontology 古生物學，化石學
2. interstellar? 星際的
3. stromatolite? 疊層
4. debut： n/ v.? to perform or be introduced to the public for the first time: 初次登臺
eg. The Broadway show debuted last year to great acclaim.
5. intrigue? n/v
?v.? to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual, or mysterious: 引起興趣
eg. Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
n. (the making of) a secret plan to do something, especially something that will harm another person:
eg. a tale of political intrigue
6. swathe 帶子
7. basalt? 玄武巖
8 outcrop? 露出地面的巖層
9. quartz? 石英
10. nodules: 結節
11. hematite? 赤鐵礦
12. filament? 細絲
13. corkscrew? 螺旋形的
14. hydrothermal 熱液的
15. crenellated? 有雉堞的
16. tectonic? 地殼構造的
17. coiled? 盤繞的
18. pore 毛孔
19. gradient? 梯度
20. paleobiologist? 古生物學家
21. one-off? 一次性事物
22. microbe : 微生物
23. scrutiny: the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it: 仔細審查
eg. The government's record will be subjected to/come under (close) scrutiny in the weeks before the election.
day 2：神句練習 & 思維導圖
神句練習
1. The team contends that these bear more than a passing resemblance to the networks of bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents--towering, crenellated structures that form in the deep ocean above the boundaries between tectonic plates, where superheated mineral-laden water spurts up from beneath the seabed.
帕皮諾教授及其團隊認為他們發現的巖石與生活在熱液噴口的細菌群落在結構上的相似之處絕非偶然。熱液噴口本身是高聳、有雉堞的結構，這些結構形成于地表各構造板塊分界出上部深海，是過熱的海水從海底噴射出來冷卻之后形成。滾燙的海水里還攜帶著大量礦物質。
該團隊認為,這些和生活在深海熱泉的細菌群落極為相似----深海熱泉指的是:深海中構造板塊交界邊緣上方高聳鋸齒型的部分,富含礦物質的水從海底噴涌而出。
Bear more than a passing resemblance to: passing指的是過關，及格線，more?than a passing resemblance指遠超及格線，非常相似。
這句句子結構相當復雜，從句套從句，還是提醒大家牢記就近原則，但是最后一個where打頭的從句，前面一個逗號與破折號之間的部分是修飾 hydrothermal?vents的插入語，所以where修飾的也是hydrothermal vents。大家可以再仔細體會一下。
2. Such a find is doubly intriguing because hydrothermal vents are seen as a plausible candidate for the cradle of life.
帕皮諾教授的發現更是激發了人們的興趣因為熱液噴口被認為是最有可能的生命起源之地。
人們認為深海熱泉很有可能是生命的搖籃，這就使得該發現顯得更有意思。. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Plausible:有兩種意思，一個偏褒義，另一個偏貶義，此處指appearing?worthy of belief：eg.?the?argument was both powerful and?plausible褒義..建議大家好好研究下plausible的用法，高頻詞。
3. Although the sorts of bacteria apparently found by Dr. Papineau and his colleagues are too complicated to reveal much about the very earliest organisms, the suggestion that hydrothermal vents have played host to life for so long is a strike in the theory’s favor.
帕皮諾教授團隊發現的多種細菌都太過復雜，顯然不能準確反映出最早生命形式的特點。但是熱液噴口中一直存在著生命，這一可能性可以支持帕皮諾教授的理論。
盡管P教授和同事們發現的這類細菌太過復雜，無法更深入的揭示早期生命體的情況，但依然表明深海熱泉養育生命的歷史甚為悠久，這是支撐該理論的有力依據。
Too....to...太......以致不能......You are too young?to drive.你太年輕，還不能開車。
邏輯導圖
day 3 小結
? ? ? ? ? ?The article mainly talks about when does life begin, which scientists are less surer about, compared with the time that the Earth came into being. The evidence for stromatolites last year suggests life began with photosynthesising bacteria 3.7 bilion years ago. But accordign to the evidence from the rocks found by Dr. Papineau and his team, which resembles the networks of bacteria living in hydrothermal vent, a plausible candidate for the cradle of life, life might begin even earlier, between 3.8 and 4.3 bilion years ago. Although the evidence is not conclusive, the finding is rather intruging. If confirmed, it can bring about other important implications. The earlist life was sustained not by photosynthesis but by the energy from? the reactions between the dissolved chemicals that well up from the crust since sunlight could not penetrate so deep in the oceans. Alongside that, if the Earth began host life within its early stage of formation is firmed, it wll futher cause the argumentation about whether life is an inevitable and common consequence of the law of the chemistry or a lucky one-off only on Earth.
最開始只發現全文生詞太多了，讀不懂，有點蒙。后來經過一個一個環節的練習，逐漸掌握了文章主要脈絡。聽完篤師的講解之后，疑惑基本疏通。然后做了一個英文的小結，加深一下印象，順便檢驗一下自己是否確實已明白文章的要點。感覺收獲頗豐。每天領取任務會有一絲期待，打卡的時候滿滿的成就感。再接再厲嗷嗷。
