思維導圖
Vocabulary
Spin out of
從……拆分出來
Pioneer
■ ?noun
a person who is the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
an innovator or developer of new ideas or techniques.
a member of an infantry group preparing roads or terrain for the main body of troops.
■ ?verb
be a pioneer of.
open up (a road or terrain) as a pioneer.
Stray
1.V.走失
?Tourists often get lost and stray intodangerous areas.
2.ADJ.走失的 (狗或貓)
?A stray dog came up to him.
3.N-COUNT 走失的寵物
?The dog was a stray which had been adopted.
4.V-I(思想或視線) 不集中
?Even with the simplest cases I find my mindstraying.
5.ADJ離群的
?An 8-year-old boy was killed by a straybullet.
Perilously
In a dangerous manner.
perilous: meansfull of or exposed to danger or risk.
1. Some forecasters warn that the U.S. in the coming year will run perilously close to a contraction, too, if it allows existing tax cuts and other stimulus to end this year.
Replicate
If you replicate someone's experiment, work, or research, you do it yourself in exactly the same way. 復制; 重做(試驗、工作或研究)
Allay
V-T If you allay someone's fears or doubts, you stop them feeling afraid or doubtful. 消除 (恐懼、疑慮)
He did what he could to allay his wife's myriad fears.
Perception
1.N-COUNT理解; 看法
?He is interested in how our perceptions ofdeath affect the way we live.
2.N-UNCOUNT 洞察力
?It did not require a lot of perception torealize the interview was over.
3.N-COUNT(尤指通過視覺的) 感知
Policy initiatives
政治措施/提案
Tweak
1.to suddenly pull or twist something 捏，擰，扭
?She leant forward and tweaked both ends of his moustache.
2.to make small changes to a machine, vehicle, or system in order to improve the way it works 對〔機器、汽車或系統〕作小小的改進
?Maybe you should tweak a few sentences before you send in the report.
Bear on
Be relevant to
- refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, touch, touch on, have to do with
Have an effect upon
- affect, impact, bear upon, touch on, touch
Press, drive, or impel (someone) to action or completion of an action
- push
Keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last
- continue, uphold, carry on, preserve
Imminent
ADJ If you say
that something is imminent, especially something unpleasant, you mean it is
almost certain to happen very soon. (尤指不好的事情) 即將發生的
?There appeared no imminent danger.
Nefarious
ADJ If you describe an activity as nefarious, you mean that it is wicked and immoral. 惡毒的;不道德的
?Why make a whole village prisoner if it wasnot to some nefarious purpose?
Incorporate
1.V-T If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing. 包含
?The new cars will incorporate a number ofmajor improvements.
2.V-T If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it. 使并入
?The agreement would allow the rebels to beincorporated into a new national police force.
Trail and error
反復實驗、不斷摸索
Love like life is an experiment , it moves on through trail and error.
神句
1.And the approach was lessheavy-handedthan imposing quotas fro poorer pupils, an option previous governments had considered.
這種方式比起政府之前考慮過的為貧窮學生提供配額補助的做法要不那么強硬一些。
2.If BITdid notsave the government at least ten times its running cost, it was to beshut down after two years.
如果BIT不能為政府節省至少十倍的運轉費用，它就會在兩年后關門大吉。
3.May worried about the idea of bureaucrats being given free rein to shape behaviorby imperceptibly tweaking government communications and environmental cues.
人們可能會擔心這將會放任政府官僚用不易察覺的政府宣傳和環境暗示來改變公眾行為。
4.As long as that choice is made in a transparent manner, and is subject to democratically elected politicians, nudging offers policymakers an alternative to both the nanny state and the unintelligent one; a middle way that he describes as “libertarian paternalism”.
只要這個決定是在公開透明的情況下做出的，并且遵從由民主選舉出的政府的管理，那么推動的措施就能為政治家提供在保姆式國家和放養式國家兩種模式之外的另一種選擇，也就是被他稱作“自由的家長式管理”的折中方式。
神詞組
Financial aid 經濟援助
Roll out the scheme 開展方案
Spin out of脫離……的控制
Pioneer the use of psychology開拓地使用心理學
The very idea provoked objections ? 這個想法激起了反對
Mass manipulation ?公眾操控
Gain ground 占有一席之地；取得進展
Shape brand perception 塑造品牌認知度
Mark the start of a global trend標志著全球性趨勢的開端
Centrally directed policy initiatives中央指示的政治方案
Set the desired outcome as the default將預期的結果設為默認值
Opt out選擇退出
Tackle corruption整治腐敗
一點兒感想
As a behavioral psychology, nudging makes a great difference in educational, commercial and political fields. Regardless of the impact ?it may have on the publicy or other vast range, in our life and work, nudging can help us to achieve some certain goals and make things easier. In a way, this article just reminds me that I can use some nudging skills to get problems solved in a favorable way.
