WebView跟JS交互(轉)

轉自(http://blog.csdn.net/it1039871366/article/details/46372207
前段時間在維護前任同事的APP時,剛好碰到WebView跟JS的交互這個需求有些要變更,由于之前沒有接觸過這個,查了挺多資料,發現這篇文章是比較仔細簡明的。
Android中可以通過webview來實現和js的交互,在程序中調用js代碼,只需要將webview控件的支持js的屬性設置為true。
Android(Java)與JavaScript(HTML)交互有四種情況:
1) Android(Java)調用HTML中js代碼
2) Android(Java)調用HTML中js代碼(帶參數)
3) HTML中js調用Android(Java)代碼
4) HTML中js調用Android(Java)代碼(帶參數)

下面示例總結這四種情況,直接上干貨:

1) Android(Java)
private void showWebView(){     // webView與js交互代碼  
    try {  
        mWebView = new WebView(this);  
        setContentView(mWebView);  
          
        mWebView.requestFocus();  
          
        mWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient(){  
            @Override  
            public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int progress){  
                JSAndroidActivity.this.setTitle("Loading...");  
                JSAndroidActivity.this.setProgress(progress);  
                  
                if(progress >= 80) {  
                    JSAndroidActivity.this.setTitle("JsAndroid Test");  
                }  
            }  
        });  
          
        mWebView.setOnKeyListener(new View.OnKeyListener() {        // webview can go back  
            @Override  
            public boolean onKey(View v, int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {  
                if(keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK && mWebView.canGoBack()) {  
                    mWebView.goBack();  
                    return true;  
                }  
                return false;  
            }  
        });  
          
        WebSettings webSettings = mWebView.getSettings();  
        webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);  
        webSettings.setDefaultTextEncodingName("utf-8");  
  
        mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(getHtmlObject(), "jsObj");  
        mWebView.loadUrl("http://192.168.1.121:8080/jsandroid/index.html");  
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }  
}  
  
private Object getHtmlObject(){  
    Object insertObj = new Object(){  
        public String HtmlcallJava(){  
            return "Html call Java";  
        }  
          
        public String HtmlcallJava2(final String param){  
            return "Html call Java : " + param;  
        }  
          
        public void JavacallHtml(){  
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
                @Override  
                public void run() {  
                    mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml()");  
                    Toast.makeText(JSAndroidActivity.this, "clickBtn", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
            });  
        }  
          
        public void JavacallHtml2(){  
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
                @Override  
                public void run() {  
                    mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml2('IT-homer blog')");  
                    Toast.makeText(JSAndroidActivity.this, "clickBtn2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
            });  
        }  
    };  
      
    return insertObj;  
}
2) js(HTML)
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">  
<!-- saved from url=(0032)http://localhost:8080/jsandroid/ -->  
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
  
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0">  
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">  
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-store,no-cache">   
<meta name="Handheldfriendly" content="true">  
<meta name="viewport" content="width=100%; initial-scale=1.0; user-scalable=yes">  
<meta name="robots" content="all">  
<meta name="keywords" contect="doodle, mobile, doodlemobile, game, games">  
<meta name="description" content="Make People's Mobile Life More Connected Through Games.">  
  
<title>jsandroid_test</title>  
  
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">   
      
    function showHtmlcallJava(){  
        var str = window.jsObj.HtmlcallJava();  
        alert(str);  
    }  
      
    function showHtmlcallJava2(){  
        var str = window.jsObj.HtmlcallJava2("IT-homer blog");  
        alert(str);  
    }  
      
    function showFromHtml(){  
        document.getElementById("id_input").value = "Java call Html";  
    }  
      
    function showFromHtml2( param ){  
        document.getElementById("id_input2").value = "Java call Html : " + param;   
    }  
</script>  
</head>  
  
  
<body>  
  
hello IT-homer  
  
<br>  
<br>  
<br>  
  
<input type="button" value="HtmlcallJava" onclick="showHtmlcallJava()" />  
<br>  
<input type="button" value="HtmlcallJava2" onclick="showHtmlcallJava2()" />  
  
<br>  
<br>  
<br>  
<br>  
  
<input id="id_input" style="width: 90%" type="text" value="null" />  
<br>  
<input type="button" value="JavacallHtml" onclick="window.jsObj.JavacallHtml()" />  
  
<br>  
<br>  
<br>  
  
<input id="id_input2" style="width: 90%" type="text" value="null" />  
<br>  
<input type="button" value="JavacallHtml2" onclick="window.jsObj.JavacallHtml2()" />  
  
</body>  
</html>  
3) 運行結果
1364555471_5797.png
4) 代碼解析:

(1) 允許Android執行js腳本設置
Android(Java)與js(HTML)交互的接口函數是: mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(getHtmlObject(), "jsObj"); // jsObj 為橋連對象
Android容許執行js腳本需要設置: webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);

(2) js(HTML)訪問Android(Java)代碼
js(HTML)訪問Android(Java)端代碼是通過jsObj對象實現的,調用jsObj對象中的函數,如: window.jsObj.HtmlcallJava()

(3) Android(Java)訪問js(HTML)代碼
Android(Java)訪問js(HTML)端代碼是通過loadUrl函數實現的,訪問格式如:mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml()");

說明:

1) Android訪問url網址,需在AndroidManifest.xml文件,配置容許訪問網絡的權限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

2) Android(Java)調用js(HTML)時,使用的mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml()");函數需在UI線程運行,因為mWebView為UI控件

public void JavacallHtml(){  
    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {  
        @Override  
        public void run() {  
            mWebView.loadUrl("javascript: showFromHtml()");  
            Toast.makeText(JSAndroidActivity.this, "clickBtn", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
        }  
    });  
}  
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