大家好,我是德研社的創始人姜沈勵,今天我們繼續學習《Thinking in bets》這本好書。我們先簡單回顧下上一課,上一課《要么快,要么死:我們的大腦不是為理性而生》比較學術,我估計一些同學學到一半會睡著。我稍微總結一下:我們的大腦主要分為兩股思維,反射性思維和審慎性思維。反射性思維是快速的、自動的、很大程度上是無意識的,審慎性思維是緩慢的、深思熟慮的、明智的。
社長我自己在學習《Thinking in bets》這本書的過程中,我也越來越發現“大道至簡”的力量,萬事萬物在本質上都有想通點。我個人在南京大學軟件工程畢業,在做德研社之前在1號店擔任產品總監,主要從事搜索、推薦、人工智能運營等算法類產品,因此我也會稍微多一些人工智能和人類智能對比的思考。
我們的計算機設計和人腦設計有太多的想通點:
反射性思維可以類比為電腦的內存,審慎性思維可以類比為電腦的磁盤。內存的特點是速度快,但是無法處理海量大型計算,否則會出現我們經常聽到的內存溢出(out of menory)。磁盤的特點是處理信息量大,但是速度慢、耗電量大,每次微小計算如果都通過磁盤讀取,那么磁頭不僅會快速老化,并且耗時長度也不能被接受,例如你能接受手機屏幕1秒后才響應你的手指觸碰嗎?恐怕不行。
隨著技術的進步,iPhone等手機稍微有了一些變化,審慎性思維類似iPhone的存儲內存,例如64g、128g,反射性思維類似與iPhone的運行內存(簡稱運存),例如iphonex的運行內存是3g。但是也依然存在反射思維和審慎思維的類似分工。
作為一家公司,戰略會議、董事會可以類似于審慎思維,但是一些運營中的細小決策,一般都交給各部門甚至基層人員自行決定,類似于反射思維。戰略會議就像審慎思維一樣,雖然準確率高,但是召開成本大,每天一次誰都受不了哈。
好,我們的引申到此為止,我們繼續回到書上學習今天的內容,今天主要介紹了為什么撲克是一個很好的大腦訓練場。
作者繼續說道
Our goal is to get our reflexive minds to execute on our deliberative minds’ best intentions. Poker players don’t need to know the underlying science to understand the difficulty of reconciling the two systems. Poker players have to make multiple decisions with significant financial consequences in a compressed time frame, and do it in a way that lassoes their reflexive minds to align with their long- term goals. This makes the poker table a unique laboratory for studying decision-making.
我們的目標是讓我們的反射性思維按照我們審慎性思維的最佳意圖來執行。撲克玩家不需要了解基礎科學就能感受到協調兩種系統的困難。撲克玩家必須在極有限的時間范圍內做出具有重大經濟后果的多項決策,努力讓他們反射性思維的方式來與他們的長期目標保持一致。這使得撲克桌成為研究決策的獨特實驗室。
Every poker hand requires making at least one decision (to fold your starting cards or play them), and some hands can require up to twenty decisions. During a poker game in a casino card room, players get in about thirty hands per hour. An average hand of poker takes about two minutes to complete, including the time it takes for the dealer to gather, shuffle, and deal the cards between hands. Poker sessions typically last for several hours, with many decisions in every hand. This means a poker player makes hundreds of decisions per session, all of which take place at breakneck speed.
每局撲克牌游戲都需要至少做出一個決定(棄掉你的起手牌或選擇玩它們),有些牌可能需要多達20個決定。在賭場撲克室的撲克游戲中,玩家每小時會玩到大約30手牌。一手牌的平均完成時間約為兩分鐘,包括發牌員收集、洗牌和發牌所需的時間。一場撲克比賽的時間段通常持續幾個小時,每一局都有許多決定。這意味著一個撲克玩家在每場比賽中會做出數百個決定,所有這些都以極快的速度發生的。
The etiquette and rules of the game discourage players from slowing down the game to deliberate, even when huge financial consequences ride on the decision. If a player takes extra time, another player can “call the clock” on them. This gives the deliberating player all of seventy seconds to now make up their mind. That is an eternity in poker time.
游戲的禮儀和規則阻止玩家放慢游戲速度來進行深思熟慮的考慮,即使這個決策會產生巨大的經濟后果。如果一個玩家需要額外的時間,另一個玩家可以在他們身上“調 用時鐘”。留給深思熟慮的玩家70秒的時間來做出決定,這將是這個玩家的極限時間。
Every hand (and therefore every decision) has immediate financial consequences. In a tournament or a high-stakes game, each decision can be worth more than the cost of an average three-bedroom house, and players have to make those decisions more quickly than we decide what to order in a restaurant. Even at lower stakes, most or all of the money a player has on the table is potentially at stake in every decision. Poker players, as a result, must become adept at in-the- moment decision-making or they won’t survive in the profession. That means finding ways to execute their best intentions (deliberated in advance) within the constraints of the speed expected at the table.
每一張牌(因此每一項決定)都有直接的經濟后果。在錦標賽或高額游戲中,每一項決策的價值都可能超過平均一套三居室房子的成本。比起我們在餐館決定點什么,玩家們必須更快地做出這些決定。即使在較低的賭注下,玩家桌上的大部分或所有籌碼都可能會在每一項決策中受到威脅。因此,撲克玩家必須熟練地快速做出決策,否則他們將無法在這個職業中生存。這意味著要在撲克桌上超快速決策環境中,提前找到實現他們最佳意圖的方法
Making a living at poker requires interpolating between the deliberative and reflexive systems. The best players must find ways to harmonize otherwise irresolvable conflicts.
在撲克生涯中存活,需要在審慎性系統和反射性系統之間插入些思考。最好的玩家必須找到協調的方法,否則無法避免沖突。
In addition, once the game is over, poker players must learn from that jumbled mass of decisions and outcomes, separating the luck from the skill, the signal from the noise, and guarding against resulting. That’s the only way to improve, especially when those same under-pressure situations will recur in a variety of forms.
此外,一旦游戲結束,撲克玩家必須從雜亂無章的決策和結果中學習,將運氣與技能、信號與噪音分開,并防范結果導向的偏見。這是唯一的改進方法,尤其是因為在同樣的重壓之下,情況會以各種不同的形式重現。
作者在這里提到了,撲克玩家必須從雜亂無章的決策和結果中學習。
社長在這里稍微展開一下,問幾個問題,就可以測試出作為聽眾的你,德撲水平大致如何?
假如你正在參加一個線下的德撲錦標賽,你和其他8個玩家在同一桌已經一起玩了三個小時。
對于每一個玩家,你是否已經刻畫出他的基本策略畫像?
松緊兇弱如何?
在各個位置的open頻率如何? Call open的頻率如何?
3bet的頻率如何?call 3bet 的頻率如何?
TPTK、兩對、Set、強聽牌、nuts牌、攤牌價值的牌他是如何玩的?
ABB面/干燥面/濕潤面/天花面/天順面/單張花順面他是如何玩的?
是否會在驚悚面floating詐唬?
是否在驚悚面拿一些非nuts牌打極限價值?
value和bluff的下注尺度有沒有破綻?
如果donk bet一般是什么牌?
Check-raise 頻率如何?
當你在桌上打的強勢,對手表現出你越厲害我越想跟你糾纏,還是怕你想躲開你?
當你打的謹慎且有棄牌率,對手是否就此針對你?
……
這些信息僅僅是一個初中級玩家應該要了解的,如果頂級玩家,他們獲得的信息量將遠遠不止這些。
測試之后,我們回過頭來繼續學習本書
Solving the problem of how to execute is even more important than innate talent to succeed in poker. All the talent in the world won’t matter if a player can’t execute; avoiding common decision traps, learning from results in a rational way, and keeping emotions out of the process as much as possible. Players with awe-inspiring talent clean up on their best nights but go broke plenty of other nights if they haven’t confronted this challenge. The poker players who stand the test of time have a variety of talents, but what they share is the ability to execute in the face of these limitations.
要想在撲克中取得成功,解決如何執行的問題比天賦更重要。如果一個玩家不能執行,世界上所有的天才都會變得無足輕重;避免常見的決策陷阱,以理性的方式從結果中學習,并盡可能將情感排除在過程之外。擁有令人驚嘆天賦的玩家在他們最好的夜晚可以大獲全勝,但是如果他們沒有面對這一挑戰的長期能力,他們會在其他很多夜晚破產。經得起時間考驗的撲克玩家有各種各樣的天賦,但是他們共有的特征是:直面這些時間限制,而從容執行的能力。
We all struggle to execute our best intentions. Poker players have the same struggle, with the added challenges of time pressure, in-your- face uncertainty, and immediate financial consequences. That makes poker a great place to find innovative approaches to overcoming this struggle. And the value of poker in understanding decision-making has been recognized in academics for a long time.
我們都在努力去實現我們的良好意愿。撲克玩家也有同樣的努力,面臨著時間壓力、面對面的不確定性和直接的經濟后果等更多挑戰。這使得撲克成為了一個尋找創新方法來戰勝這場斗爭的好地方。長期以來,撲克在理解決策方面的價值早已得到學術界的認可。
親愛的社員們,撲克真的可以幫助優化大腦的決策系統嗎?到底是作者作為曾經的職業牌手在為這項運動做辯護呢?還是一個學術界普遍認同的方法論呢?
在下一個章節里,作者將會介紹學術界一位超級大神是如何看到撲克的。(潛臺詞,我木有瞎掰,我可是有理有據的哦!)
到底是誰呢?我們下一節拭目以待!