Character性格Characteristic特征，特有的n.adj
sufficient [s?'f??(?)nt]足夠的，充分的insufficient
imitate ['?m?te?t]模仿
eccentric [?k's?ntr?k]古怪的人
sound [sa?nd]n.adj可靠的，徹底地
readily ['red?l?]容易的
sloppy ['sl?p?]粗心的，草率的
appropriate [??pr??pr??t]
CHARACTERISTIC:
1.critical thinker skill in asking appropriate question.
2.control mental activities.

• More of our time than most of us care to admit is spent ''trifling with mental picture ,random recollections,pleasant but unfounded hopes,flitting,half-developed impressions."Good thinkers are no exception.however,they have learned better than poor thinkers how to stop that casual,semiconscious drift of images when they wish and how to fix their minds on one specific matter,examine it carefully,and form judgment about it.They have learnd ,in other words,how to take charge of their thoughts,to use their minds actively as well as passively.
  是啊，我們不就是嗎，把時間，經(jīng)歷全部浪費在腦里的瞎想，隨機的回憶，白日夢，各種印象。而思考者則是可以判斷，控制，停下漫游，然后回到專一問題上。或者說他們知道如何給大腦充電，使其保持活力。

trifle ['tra?f(?)l]v.浪費，虛度
recollection[,rek?'lek?(?)n]回憶
unfounded [?n'fa?nd?d]毫無理由的
no &not一個類似adj，一個類似adv,能修飾動詞不能直接名詞
semiconscious [,sem?'k?n??s]半清醒，半有意識的
examine [?g'z?m?n]檢查
error['er?]
invest[?n'vest]投資
preference ['pref(?)r(?)ns]偏愛，偏好
revise [r?'va?z]修正
cling [kl??]堅持
steadfastly['stedfɑ:stl?]不見得
refute [r?'fju?t]反駁

上面是懷疑思考者最大的特質(zhì)，還有一些：

• Are honest with themselves,ackonwledging what they don't know ,recognizing their limitations,and being watchful of their own errors.
  菜頭說的好，請你相信我說的每句話都是錯的。當(dāng)然很夸張，但是表達的就是這樣一二態(tài)度。永遠覺得自己可能是錯的。就我自己覺得自己看來點自我管理成長的書，就覺得父母說的都錯，目中無人。真正的大牛都相信自己都是錯了，我什么理由覺得自己都是對的？

• Regard problems and contrversial issues as exciting challenges.
  太TM對了。把所有的問題困難都當(dāng)成令人興奮，摩拳擦掌的游戲，挑戰(zhàn)。太酷了。以前的我十個膽小的人，有困難就退縮。現(xiàn)在有點變化，一些小小的挑戰(zhàn)我會又興奮，但是還是很多大的事情比如論文...還是覺得不由自主想逃避。請繼續(xù)加油，這樣人生才會更豐富，更多樂趣可言吧，本來人生不就是游戲一場嗎，難道你不想玩的有意思一點嗎。（不對，這個比喻雖然對于刺激自己去探索經(jīng)歷有益處，但是畢竟精彩成功都是日復(fù)一日平淡努力堆出來的...emmmm，好像不太合適）

• Stirve for understanding,keep curiosity alive,remain patient with complexity,and are ready to invest time to overcome confusion.
  沒錯。對于花時間精力去面對復(fù)雜問題。這一點是我最差的部分，說白了就是懶得思考。以前現(xiàn)在也是，對于稍微復(fù)雜點的問題就逃避思考，現(xiàn)在你知道，出來混遲早要還。你在思考上省下的，遲早要在行動上加無數(shù)次方還回來。

• Base judgments on evidence rather than personal preferences,deferring judgment wherever evidence is insufficient.they revise judgments when new evidence reveals error.
  根據(jù)事實，證據(jù)。而不是個人偏好去看待問題。并且判斷這句是否可靠，且不斷修正。嘖嘖。人們通常只相信自己相信的，但是，你知道，這樣就會一條路走到黑，死啦。
  相反的思考者：
  Base judgments on first impressions and gut reactions.they are unconcerned about the amount or quality of evidence and cling to their views steadfastly.
  別相信第一印象。因為畢竟它就是你之前所有經(jīng)驗的綜合，但你的這些大部分都是錯的。微笑jpg。

• Are interested in other people's ideas and so are willing to read and listen attentively聚精會神地, even when they tend to disagree with the other person.
  這個可以不解釋，因為自己現(xiàn)在差不多這樣。

• Recongnize that extreme views are seldom correct,so they avoid them ,and seek a balanced views.
  網(wǎng)絡(luò)言論就這樣嘛，不是A就是B，不站隊不能評論。嘖。以后要注意了呀。任何極端的思想，都值得警惕。

• Practice restraint,controlling their feelings rather than being controlled by them, and thinking before acting.
  restraint [r?'stre?nt]克制impulsively [im'p?lsivli]沖動地

非常核心的一段話：
As the desirable qualities suggest,critical thinking depends on** mental discipline**.Effective thinkers exert control over thier mental life,direct their thoughts rather than be directed by them,and withhold their endorsement of any idea——even their own——until they have tested and confirmed it.
John equated this mental discipline whtih freedom.He argued that people who do not have it are not free persons but slaves to whim or circumstance.
真正的思考者指揮他們的思考而不是被指揮。
他們會忍住認(rèn)同即使是自己的某觀點，直到能被證明。
思考原則=自由。否則就是受困于幻想和環(huán)境。

desirable [d?'za??r?b(?)l]令人滿意的
exert [?ɡ'z?t]運用
withhold [w?e'h??ld]忍住，克制
endorsement [?n'd?rsm?nt]認(rèn)可
equate [?'kwe?t]v.視為等同
whim[w?m]幻想，一時的興致

本文的內(nèi)容是懷疑思考者的特征。開篇先說了大家對懷疑思考著的幾個誤解：1.只有有論據(jù)支撐自己的論點就是懷者，但是其實每個人都有理由支持自己的想法啊，值不夠理由靠譜程度的差別。2.懷者就是和別人東西想法不一樣。額，那所有古怪的人都是懷者了，當(dāng)然不是，只是懷者做決定時不會考慮是否和別人大眾一樣。3.認(rèn)為他們就是比別人多正確的看法雖然沒錯，但是這包括了并不容易的探索的過程。4.認(rèn)為懷疑性思考者是天生的，并不是，每個人都可以通過鍛煉懷疑性思考讓自己變成懷者。
之后就是上文貼出的思考者的特質(zhì)，以及最重要的要有思考的原則。