模擬服務器(mock server)的作用
所有的應用程序都涉及CRUD操作,openui5在真實的場景中是通過oData和后端SAP系統交互。但在開發過程中,為了測試的需要,可以使用模擬服務器,openui5將模擬服務器稱作mock server。模擬服務器的基本功能是模擬oData數據提供者,截獲應用程序的對服務器端的htpp或https請求,并傳回模擬請求的回應。從openui5開發的這一側來看,可以降低與真實后端的耦合。
mock server簡單介紹
openui5有自己的mocke server模塊,但我這里參照《SAPUI5 Comprehensive Guide》一書,使用另外一個框架:github上的fakerest,基于sinon(地址:點擊)。支持CRUD操作,基本使用方法如下:
- 將
FakeRest.min.js
文件在webapp的service文件夾下。并添加對js文件的引用。
- 將
<script src="../service/FakeRest.min.js"></script>
- 將
mockServerTest.html
文件放在webapp下的test文件夾下。用于測試代碼。
- 將
- 加載
sinon
模塊
- 加載
jQuery.sap.require("sap.ui.thirdparty.sinon");
- 加載數據并初始化fake server和sinon server
var data = {
'authors': [
{ id: 0, first_name: 'Leo', last_name: 'Tolstoi' },
{ id: 1, first_name: 'Jane', last_name: 'Austen' }
],
'books': [
{ id: 0, author_id: 0, title: 'Anna Karenina' },
{ id: 1, author_id: 0, title: 'War and Peace' },
{ id: 2, author_id: 1, title: 'Pride and Prejudice' },
{ id: 3, author_id: 1, title: 'Sense and Sensibility' }
],
'settings': {
language: 'english',
preferred_format: 'hardback',
}
};
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(data);
// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
- 在mock server中實現增刪改查操作
// 使用GET請求查詢所有的author
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/authors", false);
req.send(null);
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用GET請求查詢第四條book:/books/3
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books/3", false);
req.send(null);
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用POST請求插入數據
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("POST", "/books", false);
var updateData = JSON.stringify({
id: 4, author_id:1, title:'Emma'});
req.send(updateData);
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用PUT請求更改數據
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("PUT", "/books/2", false);
var modifyData = JSON.stringify({
title:'傲慢與偏見'});
req.send(modifyData);
console.log("修改:");
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用GET請求查詢所有的books
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("修改后:");
console.log(req.responseText);
// Delete數據
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("DELETE", "/books/4", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("刪除:");
console.log(req.responseText);
// 使用GET請求查詢所有的books
req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open("GET", "/books", false);
req.send(null);
console.log("刪除后:");
console.log(req.responseText);
創建含有mock server的代碼框架
index.html
隨著我們編寫的功能增多,項目文件包含的文件也越來越復雜。為了方便后面的學習,我打算創建一個起始的代碼框架。文件結構如下:

Project Files
起始代碼應該能夠運行,并且在今后增加功能時,盡量少變更。我們先來看index.html
:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html;charset=UTF-8' />
<script src="service/FakeRest.min.js"></script>
<script src="../resources/sap-ui-core.js" id="sap-ui-bootstrap"
data-sap-ui-libs="sap.m" data-sap-ui-preload="async"
data-sap-ui-theme="sap_bluecrystal"
data-sap-ui-xx-bindingSyntax="complex"
data-sap-ui-resourceroots='{"stonewang.sapui5.demo": "./"}'>
</script>
<script>
sap.ui.getCore().attachInit(function() {
sap.ui.require([
"sap/m/Shell",
"sap/ui/core/ComponentContainer",
"stonewang/sapui5/demo/Component",
"sap/ui/thirdparty/sinon"
],
function(Shell, ComponentContainer, Component) {
jQuery.ajax({
url : "service/suppliers.json",
success : function(oData) {
initAppWithFakeRest(oData);
},
error : function() {
alert("Could not start server");
}
});
var initAppWithFakeRest = function(oData) {
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(oData);
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.xhr.useFilters = true;
server.autoRespond = true;
server.autoRespondAfter = 0;
server.xhr.addFilter(function(method, url) {
//whenever the this returns true the request will not faked
return !url.match(/Suppliers/);
});
// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
// initialize the UI component
new Shell({
app : new ComponentContainer({
height : "100%",
component : new Component({
id : "mvcAppComponent"
})
})
}).placeAt("content");
}
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body class="sapUiBody" role="application">
<div id="content"></div>
</body>
</html>
代碼說明:
-
jQuery.ajax
通過url參數加載文本文件,如果加載成功,執行initAppWithFakeRest
,如果失敗,提示不能啟動服務器。
jQuery.ajax({
url : "service/suppliers.json",
success : function(oData) {
initAppWithFakeRest(oData);
},
error : function() {
alert("Could not start server");
}
});
- 在
initAppWithFakeRest
函數中,初始化fake server、sinon server、component conatiner和component:
var initAppWithFakeRest = function(oData) {
// initialize fake REST server
var restServer = new FakeRest.Server();
restServer.init(oData);
var server = sinon.fakeServer.create();
server.xhr.useFilters = true;
server.autoRespond = true;
server.autoRespondAfter = 0;
server.xhr.addFilter(function(method, url) {
//whenever the this returns true the request will not faked
return !url.match(/Suppliers/);
});
// use sinon.js to monkey-patch XmlHttpRequest
server.respondWith(restServer.getHandler());
// initialize the UI component
new Shell({
app : new ComponentContainer({
height : "100%",
component : new Component({
id : "mvcAppComponent"
})
})
}).placeAt("content");
}
Component.js
在Component.js
中,通過jQuery.ajax
方法發起GET請求,請求成功則設置application model為oData。
sap.ui.define([
"sap/ui/core/UIComponent",
"sap/ui/model/resource/ResourceModel",
"sap/ui/model/json/JSONModel",
"stonewang/sapui5/demo/model/AppModel"
],
function (UIComponent, ResourceModel, JSONModel, AppModel) {
"use strict";
return UIComponent.extend("stonewang.sapui5.demo.Component", {
metadata : {
manifest: "json"
},
init : function () {
// call the base component's init function
UIComponent.prototype.init.apply(this, arguments);
var oAppModel = new JSONModel("/Suppliers");
// set application data
jQuery.ajax({
type : "GET",
contentType : "application/json",
url : "/Suppliers",
dataType : "json",
success : function(oData) {
oAppModel.setData(oData);
},
error : function() {
jQuery.sap.log.debug(
"Something went wrong while retrieving the data");
}
});
this.setModel(oAppModel);
// create the views based on the url/hash
this.getRouter().initialize();
} // end of init function
});
});
設置啟動時候進入notFound視圖
在manifest.json中
,設置pattern為空的時候,target為notFound,從而進入not found視圖,后面再修改:
"routes": [
{
"pattern": "",
"name": "notFound",
"target": "notFound"
}
notFound視圖
<core:View xmlns:core="sap.ui.core"
xmlns:mvc="sap.ui.core.mvc" xmlns="sap.m"
xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<MessagePage
title="{i18n>notFoundTitle}"
text="{i18n>notFoundText}"
icon="{sap-icon://document}"
id="page">
</MessagePage>
</core:View>
搭建本篇的框架代碼,作為后面使用模擬服務器進行增刪改查的基礎。