這是YouTube上的一個演講總結，主題為“study less study smart”讓你花費更少的時間，反而取得更好的學習成效。
《Study Less Study Smart A 6 minutes Summary of Marty Lobdell's Lecture》
The human brain is very good at recognizing things.We can recognize people's face ,even if we haven't seen them in a long time.But the diffetence between recognition(認出)and recollection(記憶)is that recognition requires an initial(最初的，開始的) trigger(啟動裝置，誘因)，a cue(提示，暗示信號).If you're in a test ,there's no trigger or cue.You have to actually pull it forth from your memory.Test and sure that you're actually recalling something,instead of just recognizing it,you need to quiz yourself.You need to do active studying and active learning.
人類的大腦十分擅長于識別事物，我們可以認出人們的臉，即使我們很久都沒見過他們了。但是，識別和回憶之間的區別在于，識別需要一個最初的引發，一個提示、暗示。如果你處在一場考試中，就并沒有引發和提示，你必須得從你的記憶中提取出來。測試，以確定你是真正在回憶，而不僅僅是認出來，你需要自我檢測，你需要積極的學，積極的去把它學會。
The 4th tip is to take more effective notes,and he's really brief on(分析闡述了)this one.Basically(主要地)，he says,after class,as soon as possible,and truly as soon as possible,flesh out(充實) your notes a bit.Add some more to them so you can actually solidify(使固化，具體化，使成型)the concepts(印象，概念)on your mind.If you're fuzy(模糊不清的)on something,ask anothef classmate who also took good notes,or go to office hours,or wait until the next lecture and ask the proffessor before he starts if he can clarify(使清楚)something that you don't really have a good grasp on(掌握).
第4個小竅門是多做有效的筆記，他特別分析闡述了這一點。主要他說,上完課之后，盡可能快、真的要盡可能趕快的充實一下你的筆記。多補充一些筆記，這樣著實可以使你腦海中的概念固化、具體化。如果你有模糊不清的地方，問問其他同樣筆記記得好的同學，或者，在辦公時間或是一直等到下節課課前問你的教授，如果他能給你講清楚你還沒能很好掌握的東西的話。
The 5th tip is the summarize(總結，概述)or teach what you learned.He says the best way to actually learn something is to teach it.The reason for this is two folds.Number1,it's a great form of active studying,because you're forcing your brain to recall all the information so you can basically(主要的，基本的)summarize it for somebody.Number2,you're really making sure that you fully understand the subject.If you're explaining it to somebody who has absolutely no idea about the topic,and they're coming at it from a beginner's perspective(觀點),then you're really going to have an easy time of pinpointing(準確指出)gaps(缺口，漏洞)in your own understanding.
第5個小貼士:總結闡述或把你學會的教給別人。他說學東西最好的方式就是“教”，原因有兩層。第一，這是積極學習的一個很好的形式，因為你要強迫大腦去回憶所有信息這樣你才能基本上總結闡述給他人。第二，你得確信你自己可以完全理解，如果你對一個完全不懂這個話題的人進行講解，他們從一個初學者的觀點出發，這時你就可以按你自己的理解輕輕松松的準確指出其缺漏了。
Tip number 6 is to use your textbooks correctly.In this part of the lecture,he goes over the SQ3R method(方法論)which stand for(代表)'survey','question','read','recite'&
'review'.As I talked about in my active reading video,I think overarching(非常重要的，首要的)systems like this are actually kind of cumbersome(冗繁復雜的)and time consuming.But I do think it's important that you take individual(獨特的，與眾不同的)portions(部分)of these systems and see if they're worth it for your studying methods.As an example,the survey portion of SQ3R,surveying the chapter before you read it,and especially going to the end looking at the review question and the vocabulary,can really prime(使提前做好準備)your brain for picking out(了解，挑出)the most important information when you actually do the reading.
第六，正確使用課本。
在講座的這一部分，他轉為說了SQ3R學習法.代表“觀”、“疑”、“讀”、“背”、“顧”。就像我在我那個積極閱讀的視頻里說到的那樣，我認為像這種所謂的首要理論實在是有點復雜，而且浪費時間。但我的確覺得，采用下這個理論里特別的部分，然后看看，它們是否值得作為你的學習方法，這是十分重要的。舉個例子，SQ3R中的“Survey”,在你細讀之前先總觀一下章回，然后特別翻到最后看習題和詞匯表，這樣你的大腦就好提前做出準備，當你真正閱讀的時候為你挑出最重要的信息。
Dr.Lobdell's 7th and final tip is to use mnemonics(助記符號，記憶術)when you study facts.Now,facts, as opposed to(相對于)concepts,are a lot harder to tie(聯系，連接)actually meaning to,and as a result,a lot of students often turn to simple rote(死記硬背)memorization(識記)to remember them,but a better way to go about it is to us mnemonics. A mnemonics is really any system that facilitates(促進，使便利)recall,but he goes over 3 specific(具體的)types of mnemonics in the video.
第7，也是最后一條:當你學習事實的時候，運用記憶術。事實相對于概念在與意義的連接上要困難的多。結果造成許多學生通常選擇簡單的死記硬背的記誦去記憶它們，然而一個更好的方法去記東西就是運用我們的記憶術。任何促進你回憶的系統方式都可以叫記憶術。他在視頻中說了3種具體類型的記憶術。
Those 3 are acronyms(首字母縮寫),things like Roy G.Biv for remembering the color spectrum(光譜).Coined(創造),saying(格言，諺語),things like,in 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue,and the third one,which both I and Dr.Lobdell think is the best one,image associations(圖像關聯). Create a ridiculous pictures or story in your head.The more emotionally(有感染力的),evocative(引起記憶的，喚起感情的)or weired it is,the more easily you are going to be able to recall that piece of information.
這三種，一個是用首字母縮寫，就好比用Roy G.Biv來記光譜。一個是創造諺語順口溜，類似于“1492哥倫布發現了新大陸”這種。第三個，是我和Lobdell博士都認為是最棒的一個:圖像關聯。在你腦海中創造出一個荒誕的圖像或者故事，越有感染力，越能喚起記憶，越怪的，就越容易讓你能夠回想出這部分的信息。
資料來源:YouTube
原創翻譯:小徽公子
