工具

pyinstaller: windows 上打包python程序?yàn)?exe 的工具

安裝

1. 支持 python 版本
   python3.5

2. pip install pyinstaller

3. 驗(yàn)證安裝結(jié)果
   pyinstaller main.py

pyinstaller 如何工作的

1. 單命令
   PyInstaller analyzes myscript.py
   Writes myscript.spec in the same folder as the script.
   Creates a folder build in the same folder as the script if it does not exist.
   Writes some log files and working files in the build folder.
   Creates a folder dist in the same folder as the script if it does not exist.
   Writes the myscript executable folder in the dist folder.

2. 生成的文件目錄

• main.spec

!(使用 .spec)(https://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/spec-files.html#using-spec-files)

• build/
  放著過程文件

• dist/
  存放生成的可執(zhí)行文件

使用

常用命令選項(xiàng)

1. 指定dist 路徑
   --distpath DIR

2. 指定工作路徑
   --workpath WORKPATH

3. 無詢問覆蓋
   -y

4. 清除緩存文件
   --clean

5. 日志等級(jí)
   --log-level LEVEL

DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, CRITICAL (default: INFO).

生成選項(xiàng)

1. 目錄輸出
   -D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable (default)

2. 單文件輸出： 打包把依賴打包進(jìn)可執(zhí)行文件
   -F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.

3. .spec 文件輸出路徑
   --specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default: current directory)

4. 命名輸出文件名，默認(rèn)為第一個(gè)文件名
   -n NAME, --name NAME
   Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file (default: first script’s basename)

指定輸入相關(guān)

1. 指定搜索路徑，用 :分割多個(gè)路徑
   -p DIR, --paths DIR
   A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH). Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ‘:’, or use this option multiple times

2. 指定未在代碼中線性import 的模塊
   --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
   Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times.

3. hook 搜索路徑
   --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
   An additional path to search for hooks. This option can be used multiple times.
   --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
   Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is code that is bundled with the executable and is executed before any other code or module to set up special features of the runtime environment. This option can be used multiple times.

4. 指定不打包的模塊
   --exclude-module EXCLUDES
   Optional module or package (his Python names, not path names) that will be ignored (as though it was not found). This option can be used multiple times.

5. 加密，密鑰
   --key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.

windows 獨(dú)有命令

1. 打開一個(gè)命令行窗口接收 輸入輸出，是默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)
   -c, --console, --nowindowed
   Open a console window for standard i/o (default)

2. 不顯示命令行窗口 —— 一般 gui 程序選擇 -w ，則不顯示 命令行窗口
   -w, --windowed, --noconsole

3. 指定應(yīng)用圖標(biāo)
   -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>

4. 添加exe 資源文件
   --version-file FILE
   add a version resource from FILE to the exe
   -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
   add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
   -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
   Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The RESOURCE is one to four items, FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources from FILE will be added/updated to the final executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or specified as wildcard *.This option can be used multiple times.

5. 要求 uac 權(quán)限
   --uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will request elevation upon application restart.
   --uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to work with Remote Desktop.

打包腳本, 保存未 .bat 文件

pyinstaller -F ^
-n ilifeparser --distpath output -y --clean main.py
或
pyinstaller -F ^
-n ilifeparser --distpath output -y --clean main.spec

spec 文件

TODO

坑與解決方法

1. 打包 pyqt 遇到的插件缺失，運(yùn)行錯(cuò)誤

WARNING: lib not found: Qt5Svg.dll...
WARNING: lib not found: xxx.dll...
運(yùn)行打包后的程序，提示 “缺少 pyi_rth_qt5plugins ”
問題原因是：pyinstaller 找不到程序依賴的 pyqt dll
解決方法： 1. 用 --path 指定pyqt bin路徑。 或者 2. 把路徑添加 系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量

pyinstaller -F ^
    --dist output ^
    --windowed ^
    -n pyqt5_demo ^
    --path "C:\Program Files\Python35\Lib\site-packages\PyQt5\Qt\bin"  ^
    .\src\main.py