http://www.rrdnyyy.com/post/jUtYP1DLHqpHvnvd?share=enable_share

Susan bought her 6-year-old son John an iPad when he was in first grade. “I thought, ‘Why not let him get a jump on things?’ ” she told me during a therapy session. John’s school had begun using the devices with younger and younger grades — and his technology teacher had raved about their educational /??d?u'ke??nl/ benefits /'b?n?f?t/— so Susan wanted to do what was best for her sandy /'s?ndi/-haired /h?rd/ boy who loved reading and playing baseball.
therapy
/‘θ?r?pi/

n. 治療，療法

rave /rev/
vi. 咆哮；胡言亂語；狂罵
n. 咆哮；胡言亂語；熱烈贊美
rave about
對…傾倒；熱情地談?wù)摚患嵉卣f

She started letting John play different educational games on his iPad. Eventually /?’v?nt?u?li/
, he discovered Minecraft, which the technology/t?k’nɑl?d?i/
teacher assured /?'??rd/ her was “just like electronic /?,l?k'trɑn?k/ Lego.” Remembering how much fun she had as a child building and playing with the interlocking /?int?'l?ki?/ plastic blocks, Susan let her son Minecraft his afternoons away.

Eventually adv. 終于, 最后

Craft /kr?ft/

n. 手藝；工藝；太空船
vt. 精巧地制作

assured vt. 保證；擔(dān)保；使確信；弄清楚
interlocking adj. 聯(lián)鎖的

At first, Susan was quite pleased. John seemed
engaged /?n’ɡed?/

in creative play as he explored the cube-world of the game. She did notice that the game wasn’t quite like the Legos that she remembered — after all, she didn’t have to kill animals and find
rare /r?r/ minerals /‘m?n?r?l/

to survive
/s?’va?v/

and get to the next level with her beloved
/b?’l?vd/

old game. But John did seem to really like playing and the school even had a Minecraft club,
so how bad could it be?

engage vt. 雇傭；吸引，占用；使訂婚；使參加；預(yù)定
engage in 從事，參加
mineral n. 礦物; 礦石; 礦物質(zhì)

Still, Susan couldn’t deny she was seeing changes in John. He started getting more and more focused on his game and losing interest in baseball and reading while refusing to do his chores. Some mornings he would wake up and tell her that he could see the cube shapes in his dreams.
chores //t?oris// 家庭雜務(wù)；日常的零星事務(wù)；討厭的或累人的工作
Although that
concerned her, she thought her son might just be exhibiting an active imagination
/?,m?d??’ne??n/

. As his behavior continued to
deteriorate
/d?’t?r??ret/

, she tried to take the game away but John **threw temper /'t?mp?/ **
tantrums /'t?ntr?m/. His
outbursts
/‘a(chǎn)?tb?st/

were so
severe
/s?’v?r/

that she gave in, still
rationalizing to herself over and over again that “it’s educational.”

concerned
/k?n’s?nd/
adj. 擔(dān)心的, 煩惱的, 憂慮的

exhibit
/?ɡ’z?b?t/
vt. 顯示；展覽；提出（證據(jù)等）
imagination /?,m?d??’ne??n/

n. 想像力
空想, 想像
想像出來的東西, 幻想物

deteriorate vi. 惡化, 變壞

Throw a temper tantrum: 大發(fā)脾氣
tantrum n. 發(fā)脾氣；發(fā)怒
temper n. 脾氣；（鋼等）回火；性情；傾向
outburst n. （火山、情感等的）爆發(fā)；破裂
severe

adj. 嚴(yán)厲的；苛刻的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)峻的
gave in 屈服；讓步；交上
rationalize
/‘r??n?’la?z/

vt. 使合理化
vt. & vi. 為錯誤的或有害的行為找理由

over and over again repeatedly /r?'pit?dli/

Then, one night, she realized that something was seriously/'s?r??sli/ wrong.
seriously
adv. 嚴(yán)重地;危險地
認(rèn)真地
嚴(yán)肅地；當(dāng)真地
真的(表示吃驚)
說真的
<非正>很;非常
認(rèn)真對待；把…當(dāng)回事

“I walked into his room to check on him. He was supposed to be sleeping — and I was just so frightened…
/‘fraitnd/
”

frightened
adj. 害怕的

frighten /‘fra?tn/

vt. & vi. (使)驚恐
vt. 嚇唬

be supposed to 應(yīng)該是

She found him sitting up in his bed staring
/‘st?r??/

wide-eyed, his bloodshot
/‘bl?d?ɑt/

eyes looking into the distance as his glowing iPad lay next to him. He seemed to be in a
trance /tr?ns/. Beside herself with panic/?p?n?k/, Susan had to shake the boy repeatedly to snap him out of it.
Distraught
/d?’str?t/
, she could not understand how her once-healthy and happy little boy had become so addicted/?’d?kt?d/ to the game that he
wound
up ?wa?nd??p
in a
catatonic
/?k?t?’tɑn?k/

stupor.
/‘stup?/

staring adj. 目不轉(zhuǎn)睛的,凝視的,顯眼的,(毛發(fā))豎立的
wide-eyed adj. 睜大眼睛的,吃驚的,天真的
bloodshot adj. (眼睛)充血的,有血絲的
look into 窺視；瀏覽；觀察
distance n. 距離；遠(yuǎn)方；疏遠(yuǎn)；間隔
trance
n. 恍惚；出神；著迷，入迷
vt. 使恍惚；使發(fā)呆

beside oneself 極度興奮, 對自己的感情失去控制
panic n. 恐慌，驚慌；大恐慌
snap out 快速脫離；流出
distraught /d?’str?t/ adj. 憂心如焚的;心神錯亂的;幾乎發(fā)狂的
addicted
/?’d?kt?d/

adj. 沉溺于某種（尤其是不良的）嗜好的；入了迷的，上了癮的
v. 使…上癮（addict的過去分詞）

wound up ?wa?nd??p

很緊張的; 生氣的

catatonic
/?k?t?’tɑn?k/

adj. (患)緊張癥的, (患)強(qiáng)直性昏厥的
stupor
/‘stup?/

n. 目光呆滯,恍惚,昏迷
驚愕

There’s a reason that the most tech-cautious
/'k???s/ parents are tech designers and engineers. Steve Jobs was a
notoriously/no?t ?r??sl?/ low-tech parent. Silicon Valley tech
executives /?ɡ’z?kj?t?v/

and engineers enroll/?n?rol/ their kids in no-tech Waldorf /'w?:ld?:f/ Schools. Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page went to no-tech Montessori/?mɑnt??s?ri/ Schools, as did Amazon creator Jeff Bezos and Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales.

tech-cautious
/‘k???s/

adj. 謹(jǐn)慎的；十分小心的

notoriously /no?t ?r??sl?/

adv. 惡名昭彰地,聲名狼藉地
著名地,眾所周知地

executive
/?ɡ’z?kj?t?v/

n. 主管, 高級行政人員, 執(zhí)行官

enroll /?n?rol/ vt. 登記；把...記入名冊；使加入；使入伍
Waldorf /'w?:ld?:f/ 華德福教育 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldorf_education
Montessori /?mɑnt??s?ri/ 蒙臺梭利(Maria,1870-1952意大利女醫(yī)師及教育家)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_education

Many parents intuitively
/?n?tju?t?vl?/ understand that
ubiquitous /ju'b?kw?t?s/ glowing screens are having a negative
/‘n?ɡ?t?v/

effect on kids. We see the
aggressive
/?’ɡr?s?v/
temper
tantrums when the devices are taken away and the wandering
/‘wɑnd?r??/
attention spans /sp?n/when children are not
perpetually/p??p ?t???l?/ stimulated by their hyper-arousing devices. Worse, we see children who become bored,
apathetic/??p?'θ?t?k/, uninteresting and uninterested when not plugged in.

intuitively /?n?tju?t?vl?/ adv. 直覺地;直觀地
ubiquitous
/ju’b?kw?t?s/
adj. <正>普遍存在的;無處不在的

negative
/‘n?ɡ?t?v/

消極的, 非建設(shè)性的
aggressive/?’ɡr?s?v/
adj. 好爭斗的, 挑釁的, 侵略性的
wander
/‘wɑnd?/

wandering
/‘wɑnd?r??/

(精神)恍惚的；錯亂的
span /sp?n/ (注意力的) 持續(xù)時間
perpetually /p??p ?t???l?/ adv. 永恒地，持久地
stimulated /'stimj?,letid/ vt. 刺激; 激勵
hyper-arousing
/‘ha?p?/

/?’ra?z/

hyper -
adj. 亢奮的；高度緊張的
arouse
引起, 激發(fā)
apathetic /??p?’θ?t?k/

adj. 無感情的；冷淡的 | 無興趣的；無動于衷的
plug /pl?ɡ/ 塞住；用插頭將與電源接通

But it’s even worse than we think.
We now know that those iPads, smartphones and Xboxes are a form of digital drug.
Recent brain imaging research is showing that they affect the brain’s frontal/'fr?ntl/ cortex //'k?rt?ks// — which controls executive functioning, including impulse
/‘?mp?ls/

control — in exactly the same way that
cocaine /ko?ken/ does. Technology is so
hyper-arousing that it raises
dopamine/'dop?min/ levels — the feel-good
neurotransmitter most involved/?n'vɑlvd/ in the addiction/?'d?k??n/ dynamic/da?'n?m?k/ — as much as sex.

frontal cortex 前皮質(zhì)
impluse
/‘?mp?ls/
神經(jīng)沖動

cocaine /ko?ken/n. 〈藥〉可卡因

dopamine
/‘dop?min/n. 多巴胺（一種治腦神經(jīng)病的藥物）

neurotransmitter /‘n?rotr?nzm?t?/n. 神經(jīng)傳遞素

involved /?n’vɑlvd/

v. 涉及；使參與；包含（involve的過去式和過去分詞）
addiction /?’d?k??n/

n. 上癮，沉溺；癖嗜
This addictive effect is why Dr. Peter Whybrow, director of neuroscience/?n?ro'sa??ns/ at UCLA, calls screens “electronic cocaine” and Chinese researchers call them “digital heroin.” In fact, Dr. Andrew Doan, the head of addiction research for the Pentagon and the US Navy — who has been researching video game addiction — calls video games and screen technologies “digital pharmakeia” (Greek /ɡrik/ for drug).

addictive
/?’d?kt?v/

adj. 使成癮的, 上癮的
neuroscience
/?n?ro’sa??ns/
神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)（指神經(jīng)病學(xué)、 神經(jīng)化學(xué)等）

UCLA University of California at Los Angeles

the Pentagon
/‘p?nt?ɡɑn/
[美國英語]五角大樓(美國國防部的辦公大樓，位于弗吉尼亞的阿靈頓，2001年9月11日被恐怖分子劫持的一架飛機(jī)撞擊，該樓西部一角坍塌)

Pentagon
五角形；五邊形

Greek /ɡrik/ 難以理解的東西

That’s right — your kid’s brain on Minecraft looks like a brain on drugs. No wonder we have a hard time
peeling kids from their screens and find our little ones
agitated /'?d??tet?d/ when their screen time is interrupted.
In addition, hundreds of
clinical/?kl?n?k?l/ studies show that screens increase
depression
/d?’pr???n/
,
anxiety/??'za??ti/ and
aggression/?'ɡr???n/ and can even lead to
psychotic /sa?'kɑt?k/-like features where the video gamer loses touch with reality /r?'?l?ti/.

peeling from
/‘pil??/
脫皮；剝落（peel的ing形式）

agitated
/‘?d??tet?d/

adj. 激動的；焦慮的；表現(xiàn)不安的
clinical /?kl?n?k?l/ adj. 臨床的；診所的
depression /d?’pr???n/ n. 憂傷, 消沉, 沮喪
anxiety
/??’za??ti/
n. 焦慮；掛念；渴望；令人焦慮的事

aggression
/?’ɡr???n/
侵略, 侵犯,挑釁

psychotic
/sa?’kɑt?k/
adj. 精神病的;患精神病的

loses touch with reality /r?'?l?ti/. 失去聯(lián)系

reality
/r?’?l?ti/

現(xiàn)實(shí)；實(shí)際；真實(shí)

In my clinical work with over 1,000 teens/ti?nz/ over the past 15 years, I have found the old axiom/'?ks??m/ of “An ounce/a?ns/ of prevention/pri'v?n??n/ is worth a pound/pa?nd/ of cure/kj?r/” to be especially /?'sp???li/ true when it comes to tech addiction. Once a kid has crossed the line into true tech addiction, treatment can be very difficult. Indeed, I have found it easier to treat heroin and crystal/'kr?stl/ meth/m?θ/ addicts than lost-in-the-matrix video gamers or Facebook-dependent social media addicts.
teen /ti?nz/十幾歲的（等于teenaged）
axiom
/‘?ks??m/公理；格言；自明之理

ounce n. 盎司；少量；雪豹

prevention
/pri’v?n??n/

n. 防止,預(yù)防
pound /pa?nd/ n. 英鎊；獸欄；重?fù)簦負(fù)袈暎痪辛羲?br> crystal /‘kr?stl/

meth /m?θ/ 〈美俚〉甲安菲他明(一種興奮劑)
addict
/‘?d?kt/
有癮的人；入迷的人

According to a 2013 Policy Statement by the American Academy of
Pediatrics, 8- to 10 year-olds spend 8 hours a day with various
/‘v?r??s/
digital media while
teenagers/'tined??/ spend 11 hours in front of screens. One in three kids are using tablets/'t?bl?t/ or smartphones before they can talk. Meanwhile/'minwa?l/, the handbook/'h?ndb?k/ of “Internet Addiction” by Dr. Kimberly Young states that 18 percent of college/'kɑl?d?/-age internet users in the US suffer from tech addiction.

pediatrics
/?pi:di’?trik/
adj. 小兒科的

various /'v?r??s/adj. 各種各樣的；多方面的

teenager
/‘tined??/n. 青少年

handbook /‘h?ndb?k/n. 手冊；指南

Young /j??/

adj. 年輕的；初期的；沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
suffer from 遭受，因...而蒙受損害

Once a person
crosses over the line into
full-blown addiction — drug, digital or otherwise — they need to
detox
/‘ditɑks/
before any other kind of
therapy/'θ?r?pi/ can have any chance of being effective. With tech, that means a full digital detox — no computers, no smartphones, no tablets. The extreme /?k'strim/ digital detox even
eliminates/?'l?m?net/ television. The
prescribed/pr??skra?bd/ amount of time is four to six weeks; that’s the amount of time that is usually required for a
hyper-aroused nervous/'n?v?s/ system to reset itself. But that’s no easy task in our current tech-filled society where screens are
ubiquitous /ju'b?kw?t?s/. A person can live without drugs or alcohol/'?lk?h?l/; with tech addiction, digital temptations/t?mp'te??n/ are everywhere.

crosses over 跨越

full blown /blon/ adj. 盛開的,張滿的,成熟的

detox/‘ditɑks/ 戒癮診所,戒癮病房

extreme
/?k’strim/

adj. 極端的；極度的；偏激的；盡頭的
eliminate /?’l?m?net/
vt. 消除, 排除 | 〈口〉干掉
prescribed/pr??skra?bd/ adj. 規(guī)定的，法定的
nervous
/‘n?v?s/
adj. 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的, 神經(jīng)性的
ubiquitous
/ju’b?kw?t?s/adj. <正>普遍存在的;無處不在的

temptation /t?mp’te??n/

n. 誘惑, 引誘

So how do we keep our children from crossing this line? It’s not easy.
The key is to prevent your 4-, 5- or 8-year-old from getting hooked on screens to begin with. That means Lego instead of Minecraft; books instead of iPads; nature and sports instead of TV. If you have to, demand that your child’s school not give them a tablet or Chromebook until they are at least 10 years old (others recommend 12).

Have honest discussions with your child about why you are limiting their screen access.
Eat dinner with your children without any electronic devices at the table — just as Steve Jobs used to have tech-free dinners with his kids. Don’t fall
victim/'v?kt?m/ to “
Distracted /d?’str?kt?d/

Parent
Syndrome
/‘s?ndr?m/
” — as we know from Social Learning Theory, “Monkey see, monkey do.”

victim
/‘v?kt?m/n. 犧牲者；受害人；犧牲品

distracted /d?’str?kt?d/ adj. 心煩意亂的,慌張失措的,錯亂的

syndrome /'s?ndr?m/
n. 綜合征
Monkey see, monkey do.猴子看見，就學(xué)會

When I speak to my 9-year-old twin boys, I have honest conversations
/?kɑnv?’se??n/
with them about why we don’t want them having tablets or playing video games. I explain to them that some kids like playing with their devices so much, they have a hard time stopping or controlling how much they play. I’ve helped them to understand that if they get caught up with screens and Minecraft like some of their friends have, other parts of their lives may suffer: They may not want to play baseball as much; not read books as often; be less interested in science and nature projects; become more disconnected from their real-world friends. Amazingly, they don’t need much
convincing as they’ve seen first-hand the changes that some of their little friends have
undergone/?nd?'g?:n/ as a result of their
excessive screen time.

convince
/k?n’v?ns/

vt. 說服；使確信，使信服
first-hand adj. & adv. (得自)直接來源的〔地〕 , 第一手的〔地〕
undergone /?nd?'g?:n/
vt. 經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)受；忍受

excessive /?k?s?s?v/ adj. 過度的, 過分的; 極度的

as a result of 作為...的結(jié)果

Developmental
/d?,v?l?p'm?ntl/ psychologists understand that children’s healthy development involves social interaction
/??nt?’r?k??n/
, creative
imaginative /?’m?d??n?t?v/

play and an
engagement
/?n’ɡed?m?nt/
with the real, natural world. Unfortunately
/?n’f?rt??n?tli/
, the
immersive /
?’m??rs?v
/ and addictive world of screens
dampens
/‘d?mp?n/
and
stunts/st?nt/ those developmental processes.

developmental
/d?,v?l?p’m?ntl/
adj. 發(fā)展的

psychologist
/sa?’kɑl?d??st/ n. 心理學(xué)研究者;心理學(xué)家

interaction
/??nt?’r?k??n/
n. 一起活動, 合作, 配合, 相互作用

imaginative
/?’m?d??n?t?v/
adj. 富于想像力的; 運(yùn)用想像力的

engagement /?n’ɡed?m?nt/

約會, 約定
unfortunately /?n’f?rt??n?tli/ adv. 遺憾地, 不幸地
immersive ?’m??rs?v 身臨其境
dampen
/'d?mp?n/
[‘d?mp?n]
v.(使)潮濕；使沮喪；抑制
**stunts /st?nt/ **vt. 阻礙…的正常生長或發(fā)展

We also know that kids are more
prone/pron/ to addictive escape if they feel alone,
alienated/?elj?net?d/,
purposeless /‘p?p?sl?s/ and bored. Thus
/e?s/ the solution is often to help kids to connect to meaningful
/'min??fl/ real-life experiences and
flesh-and-blood /‘fle??nd’bl?d/

relationships. The engaged child
tethered/'t?e?/ to creative activities and connected to his or her family is less likely to escape into the digital fantasy/'f?nt?si/world. Yet even if a child has the best and most loving support, he or she could fall into the Matrix once they engage with
hypnotic/h?p'nɑt?k/ screens and experience their addicting effect. After all, about one in 10 people are
predisposed

/?pri:di’sp?uzd/
towards
addictive tendencies. /'t?nd?nsi/

prone /pron/ adj. 易于…的; 很可能…的
alienated /?elj?net?d/ adj. 感到孤獨(dú)的,不合群的
purposeless
/‘p?p?sl?s/
adj. 無目的的; 無意義的

meaningful
/‘min??fl/

adj. 有目的的,有用意的;有意義的
flesh-and-blood
/‘fle??nd'bl?d/

adj. 血肉般的
flesh /fl??/ n. 肉
tether
/‘t?e?/

n. 范圍；系鏈；拴繩
vt. 用繩或鏈拴住
fantasy /‘f?nt?si/

adj. 虛幻的
hypnotic /h?p’nɑt?k/
adj. 催眠的，催眠術(shù)的；易于催眠的

predisposed
/?pri:di’sp?uzd/

vt. 使預(yù)先有傾向,使預(yù)先有意向

tendency
/‘t?nd?nsi/n. 傾向, 趨勢

In the end, my client Susan removed John’s tablet, but recovery was an uphill/??p'h?l/ battle with many bumps/b?mp/ and setbacks /'s?t,b?k/ along the way.
uphill
/??p’h?l/

bump /b?mp/ vt. 碰，撞；顛簸
setback /'s?t,b?k/ n. 挫折; 阻礙

Four years later, after much support and
reinforcement/?ri?n'f?rsm?nt/, John is doing much better today. He has learned to use a desktop computer in a healthier way, and has gotten some sense of balance back in his life: He’s playing on a baseball team and has several close friends in his middle school. But his mother is still
vigilant /‘v?d??l?nt/

and remains a positive and
proactive/?pro'?kt?v/ force with his tech usage because, as with any addiction,
relapse /r?'l?ps/ can
sneak /snik/up in moments of weakness. Making sure that he has healthy outlets/'a?t,l?t/, no computer in his bedroom and a nightly/'na?tli/ tech-free dinner at the dinner table are all part of the solution.

reinforcement
/?ri?n’f?rsm?nt/

(
感情或思想等的)鞏固,加強(qiáng),強(qiáng)化
vigilant
/‘v?d??l?nt/adj. 警惕的；警戒的；警醒的；注意的

proactive /?pro’?kt?v/

adj. 前攝的（前一活動中的因素對后一活動造成影響的）；有前瞻性的，先行一步的；積極主動的
relapse r?’l?ps/再度惡化;故態(tài)復(fù)萌

sneak /snik/ 暗中進(jìn)行的

outlets /'a?t,l?t/ n. 出路；排水口；銷售點(diǎn)；批發(fā)商點(diǎn)（outlet的復(fù)數(shù)形式）

nightly
/‘na?tli/

adj. 每夜的；夜間的