MD5 算法概述
MD5,全名Message Digest Algorithm 5,為計算機安全領域廣泛使用的一種散列函數(shù),用以提供消息的完整性保護。MD5是一種信息摘要算法,主要是通過特定的hash散列方法將文本信息轉(zhuǎn)換成簡短的信息摘要,壓縮+加密+hash算法的結(jié)合體,是絕對不可逆的。MD5是輸入不定長度信息,輸出固定長度128-bits的算法。經(jīng)過程序流程,生成四個32位數(shù)據(jù),最后聯(lián)合起來。
MD5以512位分組來處理輸入的信息,且每一分組又被劃分為16個32位子分組,經(jīng)過了一系列的處理后,算法的輸出由四個32位分組組成,將這四個32位分組級聯(lián)后將生成一個128位散列值。MD5算法的過程分為四步:數(shù)據(jù)填充,設置初始值(標準向量),四輪循環(huán)運算,拼接結(jié)果。
結(jié)構(gòu)和模塊
數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
采用32位無符號整數(shù)作為存儲單元,常量的整數(shù)部分是正弦(弧度)* 2 ^ 32;r指定每個輪班的數(shù)量;定義Left Rotatate 函數(shù)為 (x) << (c) | (x) >> (32 - (c))。
// Constants are the integer part of the sines of integers (in radians) * 2^32.
const uint32_t k[64] = {
0xd76aa478, 0xe8c7b756, 0x242070db, 0xc1bdceee ,
0xf57c0faf, 0x4787c62a, 0xa8304613, 0xfd469501 ,
0x698098d8, 0x8b44f7af, 0xffff5bb1, 0x895cd7be ,
0x6b901122, 0xfd987193, 0xa679438e, 0x49b40821 ,
0xf61e2562, 0xc040b340, 0x265e5a51, 0xe9b6c7aa ,
0xd62f105d, 0x02441453, 0xd8a1e681, 0xe7d3fbc8 ,
0x21e1cde6, 0xc33707d6, 0xf4d50d87, 0x455a14ed ,
0xa9e3e905, 0xfcefa3f8, 0x676f02d9, 0x8d2a4c8a ,
0xfffa3942, 0x8771f681, 0x6d9d6122, 0xfde5380c ,
0xa4beea44, 0x4bdecfa9, 0xf6bb4b60, 0xbebfbc70 ,
0x289b7ec6, 0xeaa127fa, 0xd4ef3085, 0x04881d05 ,
0xd9d4d039, 0xe6db99e5, 0x1fa27cf8, 0xc4ac5665 ,
0xf4292244, 0x432aff97, 0xab9423a7, 0xfc93a039 ,
0x655b59c3, 0x8f0ccc92, 0xffeff47d, 0x85845dd1 ,
0x6fa87e4f, 0xfe2ce6e0, 0xa3014314, 0x4e0811a1 ,
0xf7537e82, 0xbd3af235, 0x2ad7d2bb, 0xeb86d391 };
// r specifies the per-round shift amounts
const uint32_t r[] = {7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 7, 12, 17, 22, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 5, 9, 14, 20, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 4, 11, 16, 23, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21, 6, 10, 15, 21};
// leftrotate function definition
# define LEFTROTATE(x, c) (((x) << (c)) | ((x) >> (32 - (c))))
數(shù)據(jù)填充
對消息進行數(shù)據(jù)填充,使消息的長度對512取模得448,設消息長度為X,即滿足X mod 512=448。根據(jù)此公式得出需要填充的數(shù)據(jù)長度。填充方法:在消息后面進行填充,填充第一位為1,其余為0。填充完后,信息的長度就是512*N+448。之后,用剩余的位置(512-448=64位)記錄原文的真正長度,把長度的二進制值補在最后。這樣處理后的信息長度就是512*(N+1)。
// Fill Data
// append "1" bit to message
// append "0" bits until message length in bits ≡ 448 (mod 512)
// append length mod (2^64) to message
for (newLen = initialLen + 1; newLen % (512/8) != 448/8; newLen++);
msg = (uint8_t*)malloc(newLen + 8);
memcpy(msg, initial_msg, initialLen);
msg[initialLen] = 0x80; // append the "1" bit; most significant bit is "first"
for (offset = initialLen + 1; offset < newLen; offset++)
msg[offset] = 0; // append "0" bits
// append the len in bits at the end of the buffer.
to_bytes(initialLen*8, msg + newLen);
// initialLen>>29 == initialLen*8>>32, but avoids overflow.
to_bytes(initialLen>>29, msg + newLen + 4);
設置初始值
MD5的哈希結(jié)果長度為128位,按每32位分成一組共4組。這4組結(jié)果是由4個初始值~
經(jīng)過不斷演變得到。MD5的官方實現(xiàn)中,
~
的初始值如下(16進制):
-
= 0x67452301
-
= 0xefcdab89
-
= 0x98badcfe
-
= 0x10325476
01 | 23 | 45 | 67 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
89 | AB | CD | EF | |
FE | DC | BA | 98 | |
76 | 54 | 32 | 10 |
// Initialize variables - simple count in nibbles:
h0 = 0x67452301;
h1 = 0xefcdab89;
h2 = 0x98badcfe;
h3 = 0x10325476;
循環(huán)運算
MD5所用到的函數(shù)有四種線性函數(shù)(&是與,|是或,~是非,^是異或)。如果X、Y和Z的對應位是獨立和均勻的,那么結(jié)果的每一位也應是獨立和均勻的。利用上面的四種操作,生成四個重要的計算函數(shù)。首先我們聲明中間變量a、b、c、d。這個循環(huán)的循環(huán)次數(shù)為512位分組的個數(shù)。每次循環(huán)執(zhí)行64不計算,上述4個函數(shù)每個16次,具體如下:
// These vars will contain the hash
uint32_t h0, h1, h2, h3;
// Message (to prepare)
uint8_t *msg = NULL;
size_t newLen, offset;
uint32_t w[16];
uint32_t a, b, c, d, i, f, g, temp;
// Process the message in successive 512-bit chunks:
// ForEach 512-bit chunk of message:
for(offset=0; offset<newLen; offset += (512/8)) {
// break chunk into sixteen 32-bit words w[j], 0 ≤ j ≤ 15
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
w[i] = to_int32(msg + offset + i*4);
// Initialize hash value for this chunk:
a = h0;
b = h1;
c = h2;
d = h3;
// Main loop:
for(i = 0; i<64; i++) {
if (i < 16) {
f = (b & c) | ((~b) & d);
g = i;
} else if (i < 32) {
f = (d & b) | ((~d) & c);
g = (5*i + 1) % 16;
} else if (i < 48) {
f = b ^ c ^ d;
g = (3*i + 5) % 16;
} else {
f = c ^ (b | (~d));
g = (7*i) % 16;
}
temp = d;
d = c;
c = b;
b = b + LEFTROTATE((a + f + k[i] + w[g]), r[i]);
a = temp;
}
// Add this chunk's hash to result so far:
h0 += a;
h1 += b;
h2 += c;
h3 += d;
}
// cleanup
free(msg);
//var char digest[16] := h0 append h1 append h2 append h3
to_bytes(h0, digest);
to_bytes(h1, digest + 4);
to_bytes(h2, digest + 8);
to_bytes(h3, digest + 12);
}
數(shù)據(jù)處理
處理完所有的512位的分組后,得到一組新的~
的值,將這些值按
~
的順序級聯(lián),就得到了想要的MD5散列值。輸出依然要考慮內(nèi)存存儲的大小端問題。
// benchmark
for (i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
MD5((uint8_t*)msg, len, result);
}
結(jié)果
編譯運行MD5.c,得到可執(zhí)行文件,輸入字符串“IamLiuShuo-16340154”,并在miraclesalad嘗試對比結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)一致,實驗成功!
代碼
源代碼 on GitHub,滿意請 star?哦!