Peabody Award

皮博迪獎，美國廣播電視文化成就獎

The George Foster Peabody Awards (or simply Peabody Awards) program, named for American businessman and philanthropist George Peabody, recognizes distinguished and meritorious public service by American radio and television stations, networks, online media, producing organizations, and individuals.

Economics empiricism

經(jīng)濟學(xué)帝國主義

Economics empiricism (sometimes economic imperialism) in contemporary economics refers to economic analysis of seemingly non-economic aspects of life, such as crime, law, the family, prejudice, tastes, irrational behavior, politics, sociology, culture, religion, war, science, and research.

Gary Becker

一位芝加哥學(xué)派的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，20世紀(jì)70年代，出版了《人類行為的經(jīng)濟分析》一書，嘗試用微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)的基本方法和概念——如理性選擇、利益最大化行為、交換等等——來解釋一些非經(jīng)濟問題（如犯罪、家庭、教育等），并取得了出于意料的好效果。這種成功不僅表明許多傳統(tǒng)意義上的“非經(jīng)濟學(xué)”研究領(lǐng)域被納入經(jīng)濟學(xué)研究范疇的可能性，而且在更高的層次上也意味著經(jīng)濟學(xué)家向原來的學(xué)科分工發(fā)起了挑戰(zhàn)。也是在這個意義上，貝克爾的這本著作被視為“經(jīng)濟學(xué)帝國主義”的最強音，是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家“入侵”其他社會科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的號角。

Gary Stanley Becker (December 2, 1930 – May 3, 2014) was an American economist. He was a professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago. Described as “the most important social scientist in the past 50 years” by the New York Times, Becker was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1992 and received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007. A 2011 survey of economics professors named Becker their favorite living economist over the age of 60, followed by Ken Arrow and Robert Solow.

Becker was one of the first economists to branch into what were traditionally considered topics belonging to sociology, including racial discrimination, crime, family organization, and drug addiction (see rational addiction). He was known for arguing that many different types of human behavior can be seen as rational and utility maximizing. His approach included altruistic behavior of human behavior by defining individuals' utility appropriately. He was also among the foremost exponents of the study of human capital. Becker was also credited with the "rotten kid theorem."

Becker's insight was to recognize that deadweight losses put a brake on predation. He took the well-known insight that deadweight losses are proportional to the square of the tax, and used it to argue that a linear increase in takings by a predatory interest group will provoke a non-linear increase in the deadweight losses its victim suffers. These rapidly increasing losses will prod victims to invest equivalent sums in resisting attempts on their wealth. The advance of predators, fueled by linear incentives slows before the stiffening resistance of prey outraged by non-linear damages. These contributions to politics by Becker have come to be known as "Chicago political economy" of which Becker is considered one of the founding fathers.