[TOC]
1 docker 基礎命令
info | version
# 查看docker總體信息
[root@h1 ~]# docker info
Containers: 1
Images: 42
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-395232-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 2.516 GB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 29.24 GB
Metadata Space Used: 3.273 MB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.144 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.117-RHEL6 (2016-08-15)
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Logging Driver: json-file
Kernel Version: 2.6.32-642.6.1.el6.x86_64
Operating System: <unknown>
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.818 GiB
Name: h1
ID: KEQG:W5MZ:K5D3:RQRU:UUCV:SMGZ:NNQZ:BKVI:SZUS:HFEV:FTA7:GAI7
# 版本信息
[root@h1 ~]# docker version
Client version: 1.7.1
Client API version: 1.19
Go version (client): go1.4.2
Git commit (client): 786b29d/1.7.1
OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64
Server version: 1.7.1
Server API version: 1.19
Go version (server): go1.4.2
Git commit (server): 786b29d/1.7.1
OS/Arch (server): linux/amd64
# 版本信息
[root@h1 ~]# docker -v
Docker version 1.7.1, build 786b29d/1.7.1
ps
列出所有的container。不帶參數的時候只是列出正在運行的container。
-a,--all
列出所有的容器
-s,--size
容器所占的空間大小
-l,--latest=true|false
只列出最近創建的容器，包括非運行的容器
inspect
可以查看比ps更加底層的信息。
-f, --format=""
利用go語言模板來格式化輸出
rm
刪除指定容器
-f,--force
強制刪除，包括運行狀態的容器。
-v,--volume
連帶刪除和容器關聯的volume,謹慎操作。
start | restart
啟動/重啟指定的容器
docker start container-name
stop
停止一個正在運行的container
-t, --time=10
Number of seconds to wait for the container to stop before killing it. Default is 10 seconds.
attach
可以連接到一個正在運行的container上。
[root@h1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5d54de7bd727 centos:6.8 "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Up 22 seconds c1
[root@h1 ~]# docker attach c1
[root@5d54de7bd727 /]#
logs
可以監控一個正在運行的容器的日志記錄
-f, --follow=true|false
實時監控日志輸出. The default is false.
-t, --timestamps=true|false
日志記錄中帶上時間戳. The default is false.
docker logs -ft c1
top
exec
在一個正在運行的容器上執行命令
-d, --detach=true|false
在后臺執行命令. The default is false.
-i, --interactive=true|false
執行交互式命令. The default is false
-u, --user=""
指定該命令以哪個用戶的身份執行.
# 在名稱為daemon_dev的容器上以后臺任務的方式執行命令 "touch /etc/newfile"
docker exec -d daemon_dev touch /etc/newfile
# 在名稱為daemon_dev的容器上打開一個交互式終端
docker exec -t -i daemon_dev /bin/bash
2 run命令
該命令會在一個新的容器中啟動一個進程。該進程擁有自己的文件系統，網絡組件，進程樹等一個子系統應該具有的基礎設施。
常用選項
-i, --interactive=false
容器的STDIN是否開啟
-t, --tty=false
為容器分配一個偽tty終端
--name
為容器指定一個名稱,名稱的命必須是唯一的?？梢酝ㄟ^名稱來代替容器ID引用容器
-d, --detach=true|false
Detached mode:run the container in the background and print the new container ID.
The default is false.
--restart=no|always|on-failure[:max-retry]
設置container在退出的時候是否自動重啟，以及重啟的策略。
no：不自動重啟
always：總是自動重啟
on-failure：在退出碼為非零的時候重啟，并可以指定max-retry表示最多嘗試重啟的次數。
示例一
[root@h1 ~]# docker run -i -t centos:6.8 /bin/bash
Unable to find image 'centos:6.8' locally
6.8: Pulling from centos
386c6db8c14f: Pull complete
8986abc42d08: Pull complete
80e46367f846: Pull complete
80e46367f846: Pulling fs layer
Digest: sha256:233cbc13832f97e83773d2e4a6f9f3a81959bc9b5c1b03135d6bbd67a9db8b66
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:6.8
[root@ec5bfab76e40 /]#
命令執行過程:
先本地查找是否存在鏡像centos:6.8。如果本地不存在，去默認的DockerHub查找下載并將其保存在本地。
然后利用該鏡像去創建一個新的容器。
當容器創建完成之后，就會執行我們傳遞給他的命令/bin/bash啟動一個shell?？梢钥闯雒钐崾痉矎膔oot@h1變成了root@ec5bfab76e40。
之后就可以像使用一個真正的centos操作系統來使用它了。只是這個操作系統只提供了一些最基本的命令:
[root@ec5bfab76e40 /]# hostname
ec5bfab76e40
[root@ec5bfab76e40 /]# cat /etc/hosts
172.17.0.1 ec5bfab76e40
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
[root@ec5bfab76e40 /]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:01
inet addr:172.17.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:1/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:468 (468.0 b) TX bytes:558 (558.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
此時，在該終端中執行exit或者通過其他方式退出終端(/bin/bash結束)。該容器就會停止運行。
示例二
docker run --name daemon_dev -d centos:6.8 /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
啟動一個名稱為daemon_dev的容器，該容器在后臺運行，并一直打印hello world。
可以通過logs命令查看其日志。
[root@h1 ~]# docker logs -tf daemon_dev
2016-10-17T02:47:57.744262702Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:57.744262702Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:57.744262702Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:57.744262702Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:57.744262702Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:57.744262702Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:58.748041451Z hello world
2016-10-17T02:47:59.750740053Z hello world
# ……
利用exec執行命令：
[root@h1 ~]# docker exec -d daemon_dev touch /etc/newfile
[root@h1 ~]# docker exec -t -i daemon_dev /bin/bash
[root@833898befd96 /]# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
[root@833898befd96 /]# exit
exit
[root@h1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
833898befd96 centos:6.8 "/bin/sh -c 'while t 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes daemon_dev
停止該container:
docker stop daemon_dev
示例三
docker run --restart=always --name daemon_dev -d centos:6.8 /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
該示例的基本功能和示例二類似，只不過該容器會自動重啟。
查看更加詳細的內部信息：
[root@h1 ~]# docker inspect daemon_dev
[
{
"Id": "efd88d4e01c380b5d70b0f96175e223b76cdc1be0b22697e08e8a58f786005cd",
"Created": "2016-10-17T03:05:06.213822618Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 7646,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2016-10-17T03:05:06.616292242Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "80e46367f84650bdda8e3e638ba61be232e9881a8159bfed6d42f914597c68f4",
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"EndpointID": "36b326748dd4914c72cb3b349aebeda4d2bd74f4a9fba497f02c8784f24c002d",
"Gateway": "172.17.42.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"HairpinMode": false,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.12",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:0c",
"NetworkID": "1839f9caada911ea3b980fde577641dabbef9b198b5da9850f686115753c293a",
"PortMapping": null,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/efd88d4e01c3",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null
},
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/efd88d4e01c380b5d70b0f96175e223b76cdc1be0b22697e08e8a58f786005cd/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/efd88d4e01c380b5d70b0f96175e223b76cdc1be0b22697e08e8a58f786005cd/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/efd88d4e01c380b5d70b0f96175e223b76cdc1be0b22697e08e8a58f786005cd/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/efd88d4e01c380b5d70b0f96175e223b76cdc1be0b22697e08e8a58f786005cd/efd88d4e01c380b5d70b0f961
75e223b76cdc1be0b22697e08e8a58f786005cd-json.log", "Name": "/daemon_dev",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "devicemapper",
"ExecDriver": "native-0.2",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"Volumes": {},
"VolumesRW": {},
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LxcConf": [],
"Memory": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"CpuShares": 0,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"CpuQuota": 0,
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"Privileged": false,
"PortBindings": {},
"Links": null,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"Dns": null,
"DnsSearch": null,
"ExtraHosts": null,
"VolumesFrom": null,
"Devices": [],
"NetworkMode": "bridge",
"IpcMode": "",
"PidMode": "",
"UTSMode": "",
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "always",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"SecurityOpt": null,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"Ulimits": null,
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"CgroupParent": ""
},
"Config": {
"Hostname": "efd88d4e01c3",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"PortSpecs": null,
"ExposedPorts": null,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos:6.8",
"Volumes": null,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"NetworkDisabled": false,
"MacAddress": "",
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"build-date": "2016-06-02",
"license": "GPLv2",
"name": "CentOS Base Image",
"vendor": "CentOS"
}
}
}
]
[root@h1 ~]#
