Android調用系統分享的實現

閱讀提醒

本文只是關于如何實現Android系統分享,并非第三方SDK實現方法

Android開發時通過startActivity發送action為Intent.ACTION_SEND的Intent即很容易就可以實現系統分享功能,舉個簡單例子看看:

Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Here is the Shared text.");
//切記需要使用Intent.createChooser,否則會出現別樣的應用選擇框,您可以試試
shareIntent = Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Here is the title of Select box");
startActivity(shareIntent);

從例子中,可以發現實現系統分享主要由三部分Action、Extras和Type組成。首先將Intent的cation設置為Intent.ACTION_SEND,其次根據分享的內容設置不同的Type,然后根據不同的社交平臺設置相關Extras,最后將Intent發送出去即可完成系統分享。
以下列舉幾種分享類型:

  • 分享文本內容
Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Here is the Shared text.");
//切記需要使用Intent.createChooser,否則會出現別樣的應用選擇框,您可以試試
shareIntent = Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Here is the title of Select box");
startActivity(shareIntent);
  • 分享圖片
//將mipmap中圖片轉換成Uri
Uri imgUri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + getApplicationContext().getPackageName() + "/" +R.mipmap.ic_launcher);

Intent shareIntent = new Intent(); 
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND); 
//其中imgUri為圖片的標識符
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, imgUri); 
shareIntent.setType("image/*"); 
//切記需要使用Intent.createChooser,否則會出現別樣的應用選擇框,您可以試試
shareIntent = Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Here is the title of Select box");
startActivity(shareIntent); 
  • 分享多張圖片
Uri imgUri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + getApplicationContext().getPackageName() + "/" +R.mipmap.ic_launcher);

ArrayList<Uri> imgUris = new ArrayList<Uri>();
imgUris.add(imgUri);  //其中imgUri1為第一張圖片的標識符
imgUris.add(imgUri); //其中imgUri2為第二張圖片的標識符

Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE);
//其中fileUri為文件的標識符
shareIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, imgUris);
shareIntent.setType("image/*");
//切記需要使用Intent.createChooser,否則會出現別樣的應用選擇框,您可以試試
shareIntent = Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Here is the title of Select box");
startActivity(shareIntent);
  • 分享郵件
Uri imgUri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + getApplicationContext().getPackageName() + "/" +R.mipmap.ic_launcher);

Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
//其中imgUri為圖片的標識符
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, imgUri);
shareIntent.setType("image/*");
//設置郵件主題
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Here is the email subject");
//郵件內容
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Here is the email content");
//切記需要使用Intent.createChooser,否則會出現別樣的應用選擇框,您可以試試
shareIntent = Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Here is the title of Select box");
startActivity(shareIntent);
//EXTRA_BCC:存放郵件密送人地址的字符串數組。 
//EXTRA_CC:存放郵件抄送人地址的字符串數組。
//EXTRA_EMAIL:存放郵件地址的字符串數組
問題拓展

1.如何將自己的應用能夠顯示在系統分享的應用選擇框中?
根據以上介紹,我們可以在應用清單文件中使用<intent-filter>來完成;

<activity
  android:name=".ShareHandleActivity"
  android:label="@string/app_name" >
    <intent-filter>
      <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND" />
      <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
      <!-- 根據分享類型的需要進行修改 -->
      <data android:mimeType="text/plain" />
     </intent-filter>
 </activity>

2.如何監聽在應用選擇框中,選擇了那個應用?
需要采用BroadcastReceiver來實現:(該方法在部分手機上可以實現,并且需要API Level大于等于22)

  • 創建BroadcastReceiver
public class ShareDoneReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        for(String key:intent.getExtras().keySet()){
            try {
                ComponentName componentInfo = (ComponentName) intent.getExtras().get(key);
                PackageManager packageManager = context.getPackageManager();
                String appName = (String) packageManager.getApplicationLabel(packageManager.getApplicationInfo(componentInfo.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_META_DATA));
                Log.i("Selected", appName);
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
        }
    }
}
  • AndroidManifest中注冊廣播
<receiver android:name=".ShareDoneReceiver"/>
  • 獲取廣播進行分享
Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Here is the Shared text.");
Intent receiver = new Intent(this, ShareDoneReceiver.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, receiver, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
//切記需要使用Intent.createChooser,否則會出現別樣的應用選擇框,您可以試試
shareIntent = Intent.createChooser(shareIntent, "Here is the title of Select box", pendingIntent.getIntentSender());
startActivity(shareIntent);

3.如何為制定應用設置分享type?

List<Intent> targetIntents = new ArrayList<Intent>();

//獲取所有支持ACTION_SEND的應用
Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
PackageManager pm = getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> resInfos = pm.queryIntentActivities(shareIntent, 0);
//對目標引用進行判斷
if(resInfos != null && resInfos.size() > 0){
    for(ResolveInfo info:resInfos){
         Intent target = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
         //需要知道制定應用的package name
         if ("com.tencent.mm".equals(info.activityInfo.packageName)) {
               target.setType("text/plain");
         }else{
               target.setType("image/*");
               //其中imgUri為圖片的標識符
               target.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, imgUri);
         }
         target.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Here is the email content");
         target.setComponent(new ComponentName( info.activityInfo.packageName, info.activityInfo.name));
         targetIntents.add(target);
     }
}
//創建應用選擇框
Intent chooserIntent = Intent.createChooser(targetIntents.remove(0), "");
chooserIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INITIAL_INTENTS, targetIntents.toArray(new Parcelable[]{}));
startActivity(chooserIntent);

4.如何只顯示指定的應用?

List<Intent> targetIntents = new ArrayList<Intent>();

//獲取所有支持ACTION_SEND的應用
Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
PackageManager pm =getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> resInfos = pm.queryIntentActivities(shareIntent, 0);
//對目標引用進行判斷
if(resInfos != null && resInfos.size() > 0){
  for(ResolveInfo info:resInfos){
    if("com.netease.mobimail".equals(info.activityInfo.packageName)
        || "com.google.android.talk".equals(info.activityInfo.packageName)){

      Intent target = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
      target.setType("text/plain");
      target.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Here is the email content");
      target.setComponent(new ComponentName( info.activityInfo.packageName, info.activityInfo.name));
      targetIntents.add(target);
    }
  }
}
//創建應用選擇框
Intent chooserIntent = Intent.createChooser(targetIntents.remove(0), "");
chooserIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_INITIAL_INTENTS, targetIntents.toArray(new Parcelable[]{}));
startActivity(chooserIntent);
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