人生苦短，我用Kali！——俺

0x00 安裝Kali

Kali Linux基于Debian Linux，旨在滲透測(cè)試及安全審計(jì)。

1. 下載官方鏡像
2. 制作USB啟動(dòng)盤
3. LVM安裝系統(tǒng)

0x01 LVM分區(qū)空間劃分

1. 查看當(dāng)前分區(qū)情況

root@kali:~# df -hl

文件系統(tǒng) 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點(diǎn)
rootfs 9.1G 7.0G 1.7G 82% /
udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev
tmpfs 783M 728K 782M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/kali-root 9.1G 7.0G 1.7G 82% /
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.6G 240K 1.6G 1% /run/shm
/dev/sda2 229M 29M 189M 13% /boot
/dev/sda1 487M 128K 486M 1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/kali-home 418G 71M 397G 1% /home

2. 卸載/home所在文件系統(tǒng)

root@kali:~# umount /dev/mapper/kali-home

3. 檢測(cè)/home所在文件系統(tǒng)

root@kali:~# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/kali-home

e2fsck 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
第一步: 檢查inode,塊,和大小
第二步: 檢查目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
第3步: 檢查目錄連接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 檢查簇概要信息
/dev/mapper/kali-home: 11/27803648 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 1795740/111192064 blocks

4. 重新劃分/home分區(qū)大小

root@kali:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/kali-home 222G

resize2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/kali-home to 58195968 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/kali-home is now 58195968 blocks long.

5. 減少/home邏輯分區(qū)大小

root@kali:~# lvreduce -L 222G /dev/mapper/kali-home

WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 222.00 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce home? [y/n]: y
Reducing logical volume home to 222.00 GiB
Logical volume home successfully resized

6. 增加/邏輯分區(qū)大小

root@kali:~# lvresize -L +200G /dev/mapper/kali-root

Extending logical volume root to 209.86 GiB
Logical volume root successfully resized

7. 重新劃分/分區(qū)大小

root@kali:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/kali-root

resize2fs 1.42.5 (29-Jul-2012)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/kali-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 14
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/kali-root is now 55012352 blocks long.

8. 檢測(cè)重新分區(qū)效果

root@kali:~# df -hl

文件系統(tǒng) 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點(diǎn)
rootfs 207G 7.0G 191G 4% /
udev 10M 0 10M 0% /dev
tmpfs 783M 728K 782M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/kali-root 207G 7.0G 191G 4% /
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 1.6G 244K 1.6G 1% /run/shm
/dev/sda2 229M 29M 189M 13% /boot
/dev/sda1 487M 128K 486M 1% /boot/efi
/dev/mapper/kali-home 219G 60M 208G 1% /home

0x02 添加用戶及權(quán)限

1. 創(chuàng)建新用戶

root@kali:~# adduser yogy

正在添加用戶"yogy"...
正在添加新組"yogy" (1002)...
正在添加新用戶"yogy" (1001) 到組"yogy"...
創(chuàng)建主目錄"/home/yogy"...
正在從"/etc/skel"復(fù)制文件...
輸入新的 UNIX 密碼：
重新輸入新的 UNIX 密碼：
passwd：已成功更新密碼
正在改變 yogy 的用戶信息
請(qǐng)輸入新值，或直接敲回車鍵以使用默認(rèn)值
全名 []:
房間號(hào)碼 []:
工作電話 []:
家庭電話 []:
其它 []:
這些信息是否正確？ [Y/n] y

2. 賦root權(quán)限

root@kali:~# sudo vim /etc/sudoers

# User privilege specification
root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
yogy ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

0x03 修改軟件源更新

1. 添加Kali源

yogy@kali:~$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

#阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali kali main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kali-security kali/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirror.nus.edu.sg/kali/kali/ kali main non-free contrib
#debain源
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy main contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy main contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib

2. 更新軟件

yogy@kali:~$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

命中 http://mirrors.aliyun.com kali Release.gpg
命中 http://mirrors.163.com wheezy Release.gpg
...
下載 12.9 kB，耗時(shí) 1分 1秒 (210 B/s)
正在讀取軟件包列表... 完成
正在讀取軟件包列表... 完成
正在分析軟件包的依賴關(guān)系樹
正在讀取狀態(tài)信息... 完成
升級(jí)了 0 個(gè)軟件包，新安裝了 0 個(gè)軟件包，要卸載 0 個(gè)軟件包，有 0 個(gè)軟件包未被升級(jí)。

0x04 修改時(shí)區(qū)UTC

1. 查看當(dāng)前時(shí)間

yogy@kali:~$ date -R

Sat, 10 Jul 2015 22:57:28 -0800

2. 選擇時(shí)區(qū)

yogy@kali:~$ tzselect

Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly.
Please select a continent or ocean.
...

5. Asia
   ...
6. none - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format.
   #? 5
   Please select a country.
   ...
7. China 26) Laos 43) Taiwan
   ...
   #? 9
   Please select one of the following time zone regions.
8. Beijing Time
9. Xinjiang Time
   #? 1
   The following information has been given:
   China
   Beijing Time
   Therefore TZ='Asia/Shanghai' will be used.
   Local time is now: Tue Jul 7 04:10:17 CST 2015.
   Universal Time is now: Mon Jul 6 20:10:17 UTC 2015.
   Is the above information OK?
10. Yes
11. No
    #? 1
    You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line
    TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZ
    to the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again.

3. 修改profile并生效

yogy@kali:~$ echo "TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZ" >> ~/.profile
yogy@kali:~$ source ~/.profile

4. 驗(yàn)證效果

yogy@kali:~$ date -R

Sat, 11 Jul 2015 14:57:28 +0800

0x05 配置GNOME 3

GNOME 3是新一代Linux桌面管理器，簡潔優(yōu)雅。

1. 開啟GNOME 3模式

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session session-name gnome

2. 更換主題

• 從gnome-look下載GTK 3.x主題，如Gnome-Cupertino
• 解壓至目錄/usr/share/themes/

yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ tar -zxvf 147061-Gnome-Cupertino-2.1.5.tar.gz -C /usr/share/themes/

• Advanced Settings -- 主題 -- GTK主題&&窗口主題

3. 添加插件

• 從gnome下載插件
• 移至目錄~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/
• Advanced Settings -- Shell 擴(kuò)展
• 在線插件管理

0x06 瀏覽器安裝Flash插件

Kali自帶的Iceweasel瀏覽器，是Mozilla Firefox的Debian再發(fā)布版。

1. 在adobe下載flash
2. 解壓并移至指定文件夾

yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ tar -zxvf install_flash_player_11_linux.x86_64.tar.gz
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ cp -r ./usr/* /usr/

3. 管理插件
   重啟瀏覽器，在插件管理中啟動(dòng)Shockwave Flash

0x07 安裝SCIM輸入法

安裝SCIM，實(shí)現(xiàn)漢語、日語、英語的三語輸入。

1. 安裝主程序

yogy@kali:~$ sudo apt-get install scim scim-gtk-immodule scim-modules-socket scim-modules-talbe

2. 添加漢語輸入

• 下載scim-googlepinyin
• 解壓并安裝

yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ tar xzfv scim-googlepinyin.tar.gz
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ cd scim-googlepinyin.tar.gz
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ ./autogen.sh
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ make
yogy@kali:~/Downloads$ sudo make install

3. 添加日語輸入

yogy@kali:~$ sudo apt-get install scim-tables-ja

0x08 清理USB啟動(dòng)盤

1. 清理fstab

yogy@kali:~$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab

# 使用USB安裝系統(tǒng)時(shí)生成，需將其注釋以正常掛載
# /dev/sdc1 /media/usb0 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0
# /dev/sdc2 /media/usb1 auto rw,user,noauto 0 0

2. 格式化U盤

• 卸載掛載點(diǎn)

yogy@kali:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdd1
yogy@kali:~$ sudo umount /dev/sdd2

• 完全格式化

yogy@kali:~$ sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdd1
yogy@kali:~$ sudo mkfs.vfat -I /dev/sdd

0x09 調(diào)節(jié)開機(jī)亮度

1. 安裝laptop-mode-tools

yogy@kali:~$ apt-get install laptop-mode-tools

2. 查看亮度極值

yogy@kali:~$ sudo gedit /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness

4437

3. 配置LCD亮度控制

yogy@kali:~$ sudo gedit /etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/lcd-brightness.conf

CONTROL_BRIGHTNESS=1
BATT_BRIGHTNESS_COMMAND="echo 2555"
LM_AC_BRIGHTNESS_COMMAND="echo 2555"
NOLM_AC_BRIGHTNESS_COMMAND="echo 2555"
#BRIGHTNESS_OUTPUT="/proc/acpi/video/VID/LCD/brightness"
BRIGHTNESS_OUTPUT="/sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness"

0x0a 手動(dòng)配置靜態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

1. 配置IP和DNS

yogy@kali:~$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.21.5.67
netmask 255.255.0.0
gateway 10.21.0.254
dns-nameservers 159.226.8.6 159.226.39.1 4.4.4.4

2. 托管設(shè)備

yogy@kali:~$ sudo sed -i "s/managed=false/managed=true/" /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

3. 重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)

yogy@kali:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

0x0b 系統(tǒng)備份與還原

1. 備份

• 直接備份

yogy@kali:~$ sudo tar cvpfz backup-kali.tgz --exclude=/backup-kali.tgz --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/sys /

• bzip2壓縮備份

yogy@kali:~$ sudo tar cvpfj backup-kali.tar.bz2 --exclude=/backup-kali.tar.bz2 --exclude=/proc --exclude=/lost+found --exclude=/mnt --exclude=/tmp --exclude=/sys /

2. 還原

• 直接還原

yogy@kali:~$ sudo tar xvpfz backup-kali.tgz -C /

• bzip2壓縮還原

yogy@kali:~$ sudo tar xvpfj backup-kali.tar.bz2 -C /

3. 補(bǔ)齊目錄

yogy@kali:~$ sudo mkdir /proc /lost+found /mnt /tmp /sys

0x0c 結(jié)束語

Kali系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)配置完畢，可滿足日常使用需求。常用開發(fā)軟件的安裝及配置將另開新篇，內(nèi)容包括但不限于IDE，虛擬機(jī)，VPN，ns-3。

Kali Linux

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