在菲利普·錫德尼和埃德蒙·斯賓塞倡導(dǎo)英國(guó)的文藝復(fù)興之后，英國(guó)出現(xiàn)了文藝復(fù)興史上一位重要的人物，那就是威廉·莎士比亞（William Shakespeare）。我們知道，莎士比亞是一位劇作家和詩(shī)人，不管在哪一方面都有杰出的成就，他流傳下來(lái)的37部戲劇、2首長(zhǎng)詩(shī)和157首十四行詩(shī)都是人們喜歡的作品。莎士比亞的十四行詩(shī)內(nèi)容豐富，好詩(shī)斐然，中文翻譯也很多，且不乏翻譯大家，我在這里就硬著頭皮翻譯幾首吧。
莎士比亞樂于描寫人間美好的愛情，如他的Sonnet 130，就從對(duì)比中展現(xiàn)了愛情的力量超越理智：
Sonnet 130
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips' red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damasked, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress when she walks treads on the ground.
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.
十四行詩(shī) 130
我愛人的眼睛不如明亮的太陽(yáng)；
紅珊瑚也比她的唇更加鮮紅；
如果雪是白的，她的乳房為何灰暗；
如果頭發(fā)是絲線，那黑色的絲線長(zhǎng)在她頭上。
我見過紅白玫瑰織成的華錦，
但她的臉頰開不出一朵玫瑰；
香水也會(huì)更加迷人
不像她輕輕呼吸時(shí)的氣息。
我喜歡聽她的聲音，但我知道
音樂可以產(chǎn)生更加愉悅的聲響；
我想我從未見過一名女神；
可當(dāng)我的愛人向我走來(lái)時(shí)，
天哪，我的愛人是那么珍貴
這一切荒謬的比喻都不能和她相配。
莎士比亞的十四行詩(shī)中，不乏對(duì)愛的描寫。有時(shí)，這種愛從某種意義上超越了愛情的范疇，他將生活中的苦悶和艱澀與愛對(duì)舉，最終在愛中得到了愉悅和超脫，這些能從下面3首詩(shī)中感受到：
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to the summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough wind do shake darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st,
So long as man can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
十四行詩(shī) 18
我怎能把你比作夏天？
你比它更加可愛更加溫暖：
五月粗糙的風(fēng)催搖新生的胚芽，
夏日租賃的時(shí)光也易逝短暫：
有時(shí)太陽(yáng)照耀的太過灼熱
有時(shí)它金色的臉卻被遮掩；
每一朵美麗都將衰敗，
在自然的流轉(zhuǎn)中飄零：
但你永恒的夏季不會(huì)凋謝，
不會(huì)失去美好的容顏，
不會(huì)在死亡的陰影里徘徊，
當(dāng)你走進(jìn)永恒的詩(shī)歌時(shí)空，
只要人們還在呼吸，眼睛明亮，
詩(shī)歌就會(huì)存在，給你不息的生命。
Sonnet 29
When in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself, and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
Desiring this man’s art, and that man’s scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth sings hymns at heaven’s gate;
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
十四行詩(shī) 29
當(dāng)在命運(yùn)和人們的白眼中受盡屈辱
我獨(dú)自為這流浪的人生哭泣，
徒勞的呼喊傳不到耳聾的上天，
我看著自己，詛咒著命運(yùn)，
我渴望自己是一個(gè)更富希望的人，
與他面容相似，朋友相當(dāng)，
擁有他的才華，也有他廣博的知識(shí)，
使我最歡樂的事也不能再滿足我；
但當(dāng)這些想法輕賤我的時(shí)候，
我想到了你，這時(shí)的我
像一只破曉歡歌的云雀，
從蒼茫的大地上唱起天國(guó)的贊歌；
因?yàn)檫@甜蜜寶貴的愛情
我不屑與國(guó)王交換我的處境。
Sonnet 73
That time of year thou mayst in me behold
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
Upon these boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs, where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou see’st the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west;
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death’s second self that seals up all in rest.
In me thou see’st the growing of such fire,
That on the ashes of his youth doth lie,
As the death-bed whereon it must expire,
Consum’d with that which it was nourished by.
This thou perceiv’st, which makes thy love more strong,
To love that well, which thou must leave ere long.
十四行詩(shī) 73
你看見我是蕭瑟的秋天
黃葉稀疏低垂
秋風(fēng)搖蕩，寒枝冰冷，
頹圮的唱詩(shī)班，曾有鶯雀婉轉(zhuǎn)。
你看見我是蒼涼的日暮
西邊落日余暉消散；
黑夜將它逐漸驅(qū)趕，
死亡的化身密封了大地邊緣。
你看見我是殘喘的火焰，
在青春的灰燼里燃燒，
死亡的榻上它終將熄滅，
耗盡那滋養(yǎng)火的源泉。
你感受到的，會(huì)使愛更加牢固，
用力去愛吧，在永久離別之前。
另外，還有一首小詩(shī)，表達(dá)了向往自然的生活狀態(tài)，頗有中國(guó)隱士的風(fēng)采：
Under the Greenwood Tree
Under the greenwood tree
Who loves to lie with me,
And turn his merry note
Unto the sweet bird’s throat,
Come hither, come hither, come hither:
? ? ? Here shall he see
? ? ? No enemy
But winter and rough weather.
Who doth ambition shun
And loves to live i’ the sun,
Seeking the food he eats,
And pleased with what he gets,
Come hither, come hither, come hither:
? ? ? Here shall he see
? ? ? No enemy
But winter and rough weather.
樹蔭之下
樹蔭之下
誰(shuí)愿與我高臥，
唱著愉快的曲子
與鳥兒甜美的歌應(yīng)和，
歸來(lái)吧，歸來(lái)吧：
這里的生活
沒有仇恨
只有冬季和偶爾糟糕的天氣。
誰(shuí)能放下熾熱的身心
樂意居于陽(yáng)光里，
采集自己的食物，
安于自己所得，
歸來(lái)吧，歸來(lái)吧：
這里的生活
沒有仇恨
只有冬季和偶爾糟糕的天氣。
