JAVA設計模式的最佳實踐

設計模式的六大原則
1、開閉原則（Open Close Principle）
開閉原則就是說對擴展開放，對修改關閉。在程序需要進行拓展的時候，不能去修改原有的代碼，實現一個熱插拔的效果。所以一句話概括就是：為了使程序的擴展性好，易于維護和升級。想要達到這樣的效果，我們需要使用接口和抽象類，后面的具體設計中我們會提到這點。
2、里氏代換原則（Liskov Substitution Principle）
里氏代換原則(Liskov Substitution Principle LSP)面向對象設計的基本原則之一。 里氏代換原則中說，任何基類可以出現的地方，子類一定可以出現。 LSP是繼承復用的基石，只有當衍生類可以替換掉基類，軟件單位的功能不受到影響時，基類才能真正被復用，而衍生類也能夠在基類的基礎上增加新的行為。里氏代換原則是對“開-閉”原則的補充。實現“開-閉”原則的關鍵步驟就是抽象化。而基類與子類的繼承關系就是抽象化的具體實現，所以里氏代換原則是對實現抽象化的具體步驟的規范。—— From Baidu 百科
3、依賴倒轉原則（Dependence Inversion Principle）
這個是開閉原則的基礎，具體內容：真對接口編程，依賴于抽象而不依賴于具體。
4、接口隔離原則（Interface Segregation Principle）
這個原則的意思是：使用多個隔離的接口，比使用單個接口要好。還是一個降低類之間的耦合度的意思，從這兒我們看出，其實設計模式就是一個軟件的設計思想，從大型軟件架構出發，為了升級和維護方便。所以上文中多次出現：降低依賴，降低耦合。
5、迪米特法則（最少知道原則）（Demeter Principle）
為什么叫最少知道原則，就是說：一個實體應當盡量少的與其他實體之間發生相互作用，使得系統功能模塊相對獨立。
6、合成復用原則（Composite Reuse Principle）
原則是盡量使用合成/聚合的方式，而不是使用繼承。

工廠方法模式（Factory Method）

public interface Sender {  
    public void Send();  
}  

public class MailSender implements Sender {  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is mailsender!");  
    }  
} 

public class SmsSender implements Sender {  
  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is sms sender!");  
    }  
}  

public class SendFactory {  
      
    public Sender produceMail(){  
        return new MailSender();  
    }  
      
    public Sender produceSms(){  
        return new SmsSender();  
    }  
}  

public class FactoryTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        SendFactory factory = new SendFactory();  
        Sender sender = factory.produceMail();  
        sender.Send();  
    }  
} 
//靜態工廠
public class SendFactory {  
      
    public static Sender produceMail(){  
        return new MailSender();  
    }  
      
    public static Sender produceSms(){  
        return new SmsSender();  
    }  
}

抽象工廠模式

public interface Sender {  
    public void Send();  
} 

public class MailSender implements Sender {  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is mailsender!");  
    }  
} 

public class SmsSender implements Sender {  
  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is sms sender!");  
    }  
}  

public class SendMailFactory implements Provider {  
      
    @Override  
    public Sender produce(){  
        return new MailSender();  
    }  
} 

public class SendSmsFactory implements Provider{  
  
    @Override  
    public Sender produce() {  
        return new SmsSender();  
    }  
}  

public interface Provider {  
    public Sender produce();  
} 
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Provider provider = new SendMailFactory();  
        Sender sender = provider.produce();  
        sender.Send();  
    }  
}

單例模式（Singleton）

public class SingletonTest {  
  
    private static SingletonTest instance = null;  
  
    private SingletonTest() {  
    }  
  
    private static synchronized void syncInit() {  
        if (instance == null) {  
            instance = new SingletonTest();  
        }  
    }  
  
    public static SingletonTest getInstance() {  
        if (instance == null) {  
            syncInit();  
        }  
        return instance;  
    }  
}

建造者模式（Builder）

public class Builder {  
      
    private List<Sender> list = new ArrayList<Sender>();  
      
    public void produceMailSender(int count){  
        for(int i=0; i<count; i++){  
            list.add(new MailSender());  
        }  
    }  
      
    public void produceSmsSender(int count){  
        for(int i=0; i<count; i++){  
            list.add(new SmsSender());  
        }  
    }  
}

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Builder builder = new Builder();  
        builder.produceMailSender(10);  
    }  
}

與工廠模式的區別就是：工廠模式關注的是創建單個產品，而建造者模式則關注創建符合對象，多個部分。因此，是選擇工廠模式還是建造者模式，依實際情況而定。

適配器模式（Adapter）

類的適配器模式

public class Source {  
  
    public void method1() {  
        System.out.println("this is original method!");  
    }  
} 

public interface Targetable {  
  
    /* 與原類中的方法相同 */  
    public void method1();  
  
    /* 新類的方法 */  
    public void method2();  
}  
public class Adapter extends Source implements Targetable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method2() {  
        System.out.println("this is the targetable method!");  
    }  
} 
public class AdapterTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Targetable target = new Adapter();  
        target.method1();  
        target.method2();  
    }  
}

對象的適配器模式

public class Wrapper implements Targetable {  
  
    private Source source;  
      
    public Wrapper(Source source){  
        super();  
        this.source = source;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void method2() {  
        System.out.println("this is the targetable method!");  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void method1() {  
        source.method1();  
    }  
}  

public class AdapterTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Source source = new Source();  
        Targetable target = new Wrapper(source);  
        target.method1();  
        target.method2();  
    }  
}

接口的適配器模式

public interface Sourceable {  
      
    public void method1();  
    public void method2();  
}  
public abstract class Wrapper2 implements Sourceable{  
      
    public void method1(){}  
    public void method2(){}  
}  
public class SourceSub1 extends Wrapper2 {  
    public void method1(){  
        System.out.println("the sourceable interface's first Sub1!");  
    }  
}  
public class SourceSub2 extends Wrapper2 {  
    public void method2(){  
        System.out.println("the sourceable interface's second Sub2!");  
    }  
}  
public class WrapperTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Sourceable source1 = new SourceSub1();  
        Sourceable source2 = new SourceSub2();  
          
        source1.method1();  
        source1.method2();  
        source2.method1();  
        source2.method2();  
    }  
}

類的適配器模式：當希望將一個類轉換成滿足另一個新接口的類時，可以使用類的適配器模式，創建一個新類，繼承原有的類，實現新的接口即可。
對象的適配器模式：當希望將一個對象轉換成滿足另一個新接口的對象時，可以創建一個Wrapper類，持有原類的一個實例，在Wrapper類的方法中，調用實例的方法就行。
接口的適配器模式：當不希望實現一個接口中所有的方法時，可以創建一個抽象類Wrapper，實現所有方法，我們寫別的類的時候，繼承抽象類即可。

裝飾模式（Decorator）

public interface Sourceable {  
    public void method();  
}  
public class Source implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("the original method!");  
    }  
}  
public class Decorator implements Sourceable {  
  
    private Sourceable source;  
      
    public Decorator(Sourceable source){  
        super();  
        this.source = source;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("before decorator!");  
        source.method();  
        System.out.println("after decorator!");  
    }  
}  
public class DecoratorTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Sourceable source = new Source();  
        Sourceable obj = new Decorator(source);  
        obj.method();  
    }  
}

裝飾器模式的應用場景：
1、需要擴展一個類的功能。
2、動態的為一個對象增加功能，而且還能動態撤銷。（繼承不能做到這一點，繼承的功能是靜態的，不能動態增刪。）

代理模式（Proxy）

public interface Sourceable {  
    public void method();  
}  
public class Source implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("the original method!");  
    }  
}  
public class Proxy implements Sourceable {  
  
    private Source source;  
    public Proxy(){  
        super();  
        this.source = new Source();  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        before();  
        source.method();  
        atfer();  
    }  
    private void atfer() {  
        System.out.println("after proxy!");  
    }  
    private void before() {  
        System.out.println("before proxy!");  
    }  
}  
public class ProxyTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Sourceable source = new Proxy();  
        source.method();  
    }  
  
}

外觀模式（Facade）

public class CPU {  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("cpu startup!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("cpu shutdown!");  
    }  
}  
public class Memory {  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("memory startup!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("memory shutdown!");  
    }  
}  
public class Disk {  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("disk startup!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("disk shutdown!");  
    }  
}  
public class Computer {  
    private CPU cpu;  
    private Memory memory;  
    private Disk disk;  
      
    public Computer(){  
        cpu = new CPU();  
        memory = new Memory();  
        disk = new Disk();  
    }  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("start the computer!");  
        cpu.startup();  
        memory.startup();  
        disk.startup();  
        System.out.println("start computer finished!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("begin to close the computer!");  
        cpu.shutdown();  
        memory.shutdown();  
        disk.shutdown();  
        System.out.println("computer closed!");  
    }  
} 
public class User {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Computer computer = new Computer();  
        computer.startup();  
        computer.shutdown();  
    }  
}

橋接模式（Bridge）

public interface Sourceable {  
    public void method();  
}  
public class SourceSub1 implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("this is the first sub!");  
    }  
}  
public class SourceSub2 implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("this is the second sub!");  
    }  
}  
public abstract class Bridge {  
    private Sourceable source;  
  
    public void method(){  
        source.method();  
    }  
      
    public Sourceable getSource() {  
        return source;  
    }  
  
    public void setSource(Sourceable source) {  
        this.source = source;  
    }  
}  
public class MyBridge extends Bridge {  
    public void method(){  
        getSource().method();  
    }  
}  
public class BridgeTest {  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        Bridge bridge = new MyBridge();  
          
        /*調用第一個對象*/  
        Sourceable source1 = new SourceSub1();  
        bridge.setSource(source1);  
        bridge.method();  
          
        /*調用第二個對象*/  
        Sourceable source2 = new SourceSub2();  
        bridge.setSource(source2);  
        bridge.method();  
    }  
}

組合模式（Composite）

public class TreeNode {  
      
    private String name;  
    private TreeNode parent;  
    private Vector<TreeNode> children = new Vector<TreeNode>();  
      
    public TreeNode(String name){  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    public TreeNode getParent() {  
        return parent;  
    }  
  
    public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {  
        this.parent = parent;  
    }  
      
    //添加孩子節點  
    public void add(TreeNode node){  
        children.add(node);  
    }  
      
    //刪除孩子節點  
    public void remove(TreeNode node){  
        children.remove(node);  
    }  
      
    //取得孩子節點  
    public Enumeration<TreeNode> getChildren(){  
        return children.elements();  
    }  
}  
public class Tree {  
  
    TreeNode root = null;  
  
    public Tree(String name) {  
        root = new TreeNode(name);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Tree tree = new Tree("A");  
        TreeNode nodeB = new TreeNode("B");  
        TreeNode nodeC = new TreeNode("C");  
          
        nodeB.add(nodeC);  
        tree.root.add(nodeB);  
        System.out.println("build the tree finished!");  
    }  
}

享元模式（Flyweight）

public class ConnectionPool {  
      
    private Vector<Connection> pool;  
      
    /*公有屬性*/  
    private String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";  
    private String username = "root";  
    private String password = "root";  
    private String driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
  
    private int poolSize = 100;  
    private static ConnectionPool instance = null;  
    Connection conn = null;  
  
    /*構造方法，做一些初始化工作*/  
    private ConnectionPool() {  
        pool = new Vector<Connection>(poolSize);  
  
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {  
            try {  
                Class.forName(driverClassName);  
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);  
                pool.add(conn);  
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            } catch (SQLException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    /* 返回連接到連接池 */  
    public synchronized void release() {  
        pool.add(conn);  
    }  
  
    /* 返回連接池中的一個數據庫連接 */  
    public synchronized Connection getConnection() {  
        if (pool.size() > 0) {  
            Connection conn = pool.get(0);  
            pool.remove(conn);  
            return conn;  
        } else {  
            return null;  
        }  
    }  
}

策略模式（strategy）

public interface ICalculator {  
    public int calculate(String exp);  
}  
public abstract class AbstractCalculator {  
      
    public int[] split(String exp,String opt){  
        String array[] = exp.split(opt);  
        int arrayInt[] = new int[2];  
        arrayInt[0] = Integer.parseInt(array[0]);  
        arrayInt[1] = Integer.parseInt(array[1]);  
        return arrayInt;  
    }  
}  
public class Plus extends AbstractCalculator implements ICalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(String exp) {  
        int arrayInt[] = split(exp,"\\+");  
        return arrayInt[0]+arrayInt[1];  
    }  
} 
public class Minus extends AbstractCalculator implements ICalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(String exp) {  
        int arrayInt[] = split(exp,"-");  
        return arrayInt[0]-arrayInt[1];  
    }  
  
}  
public class Multiply extends AbstractCalculator implements ICalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(String exp) {  
        int arrayInt[] = split(exp,"\\*");  
        return arrayInt[0]*arrayInt[1];  
    }  
}  
public class StrategyTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        String exp = "2+8";  
        ICalculator cal = new Plus();  
        int result = cal.calculate(exp);  
        System.out.println(result);  
    }  
}

模板方法模式（Template Method）

public abstract class AbstractCalculator {  
      
    /*主方法，實現對本類其它方法的調用*/  
    public final int calculate(String exp,String opt){  
        int array[] = split(exp,opt);  
        return calculate(array[0],array[1]);  
    }  
      
    /*被子類重寫的方法*/  
    abstract public int calculate(int num1,int num2);  
      
    public int[] split(String exp,String opt){  
        String array[] = exp.split(opt);  
        int arrayInt[] = new int[2];  
        arrayInt[0] = Integer.parseInt(array[0]);  
        arrayInt[1] = Integer.parseInt(array[1]);  
        return arrayInt;  
    }  
}  
public class Plus extends AbstractCalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(int num1,int num2) {  
        return num1 + num2;  
    }  
}  
public class StrategyTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        String exp = "8+8";  
        AbstractCalculator cal = new Plus();  
        int result = cal.calculate(exp, "\\+");  
        System.out.println(result);  
    }  
}

觀察者模式（Observer）

public interface Observer {  
    public void update();  
}  
public class Observer1 implements Observer {  
  
    @Override  
    public void update() {  
        System.out.println("observer1 has received!");  
    }  
}  
public class Observer2 implements Observer {  
  
    @Override  
    public void update() {  
        System.out.println("observer2 has received!");  
    }  
  
}  
public interface Subject {  
      
    /*增加觀察者*/  
    public void add(Observer observer);  
      
    /*刪除觀察者*/  
    public void del(Observer observer);  
      
    /*通知所有的觀察者*/  
    public void notifyObservers();  
      
    /*自身的操作*/  
    public void operation();  
}  
public abstract class AbstractSubject implements Subject {  
  
    private Vector<Observer> vector = new Vector<Observer>();  
    @Override  
    public void add(Observer observer) {  
        vector.add(observer);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void del(Observer observer) {  
        vector.remove(observer);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void notifyObservers() {  
        Enumeration<Observer> enumo = vector.elements();  
        while(enumo.hasMoreElements()){  
            enumo.nextElement().update();  
        }  
    }  
} 
public class MySubject extends AbstractSubject {  
  
    @Override  
    public void operation() {  
        System.out.println("update self!");  
        notifyObservers();  
    }  
  
}  

public class ObserverTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Subject sub = new MySubject();  
        sub.add(new Observer1());  
        sub.add(new Observer2());  
          
        sub.operation();  
    }  
  
}

迭代子模式（Iterator）

public interface Collection {  
      
    public Iterator iterator();  
      
    /*取得集合元素*/  
    public Object get(int i);  
      
    /*取得集合大小*/  
    public int size();  
} 

public interface Iterator {  
    //前移  
    public Object previous();  
      
    //后移  
    public Object next();  
    public boolean hasNext();  
      
    //取得第一個元素  
    public Object first();  
}  
public class MyCollection implements Collection {  
  
    public String string[] = {"A","B","C","D","E"};  
    @Override  
    public Iterator iterator() {  
        return new MyIterator(this);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object get(int i) {  
        return string[i];  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int size() {  
        return string.length;  
    }  
}  
public class MyIterator implements Iterator {  
  
    private Collection collection;  
    private int pos = -1;  
      
    public MyIterator(Collection collection){  
        this.collection = collection;  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public Object previous() {  
        if(pos > 0){  
            pos--;  
        }  
        return collection.get(pos);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object next() {  
        if(pos<collection.size()-1){  
            pos++;  
        }  
        return collection.get(pos);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean hasNext() {  
        if(pos<collection.size()-1){  
            return true;  
        }else{  
            return false;  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object first() {  
        pos = 0;  
        return collection.get(pos);  
    }  
  
}  
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Collection collection = new MyCollection();  
        Iterator it = collection.iterator();  
          
        while(it.hasNext()){  
            System.out.println(it.next());  
        }  
    }  
}

責任鏈模式（Chain of Responsibility）

public interface Handler {  
    public void operator();  
} 
public abstract class AbstractHandler {  
      
    private Handler handler;  
  
    public Handler getHandler() {  
        return handler;  
    }  
  
    public void setHandler(Handler handler) {  
        this.handler = handler;  
    }  
      
}  
public class MyHandler extends AbstractHandler implements Handler {  
  
    private String name;  
  
    public MyHandler(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void operator() {  
        System.out.println(name+"deal!");  
        if(getHandler()!=null){  
            getHandler().operator();  
        }  
    }  
} 
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        MyHandler h1 = new MyHandler("h1");  
        MyHandler h2 = new MyHandler("h2");  
        MyHandler h3 = new MyHandler("h3");  
  
        h1.setHandler(h2);  
        h2.setHandler(h3);  
  
        h1.operator();  
    }  
}

命令模式（Command）

public interface Command {  
    public void exe();  
} 
public class MyCommand implements Command {  
  
    private Receiver receiver;  
      
    public MyCommand(Receiver receiver) {  
        this.receiver = receiver;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void exe() {  
        receiver.action();  
    }  
}  
public class Receiver {  
    public void action(){  
        System.out.println("command received!");  
    }  
}  
public class Invoker {  
      
    private Command command;  
      
    public Invoker(Command command) {  
        this.command = command;  
    }  
  
    public void action(){  
        command.exe();  
    }  
}  
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Receiver receiver = new Receiver();  
        Command cmd = new MyCommand(receiver);  
        Invoker invoker = new Invoker(cmd);  
        invoker.action();  
    }  
}

備忘錄模式（Memento）

public class Original {  
      
    private String value;  
      
    public String getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public void setValue(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public Original(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public Memento createMemento(){  
        return new Memento(value);  
    }  
      
    public void restoreMemento(Memento memento){  
        this.value = memento.getValue();  
    }  
}  
public class Memento {  
      
    private String value;  
  
    public Memento(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public String getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public void setValue(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
}  
public class Storage {  
      
    private Memento memento;  
      
    public Storage(Memento memento) {  
        this.memento = memento;  
    }  
  
    public Memento getMemento() {  
        return memento;  
    }  
  
    public void setMemento(Memento memento) {  
        this.memento = memento;  
    }  
}  
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        // 創建原始類  
        Original origi = new Original("egg");  
  
        // 創建備忘錄  
        Storage storage = new Storage(origi.createMemento());  
  
        // 修改原始類的狀態  
        System.out.println("初始化狀態為：" + origi.getValue());  
        origi.setValue("niu");  
        System.out.println("修改后的狀態為：" + origi.getValue());  
  
        // 回復原始類的狀態  
        origi.restoreMemento(storage.getMemento());  
        System.out.println("恢復后的狀態為：" + origi.getValue());  
    }  
}

狀態模式（State）

public class State {  
      
    private String value;  
      
    public String getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public void setValue(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public void method1(){  
        System.out.println("execute the first opt!");  
    }  
      
    public void method2(){  
        System.out.println("execute the second opt!");  
    }  
}  
public class Context {  
  
    private State state;  
  
    public Context(State state) {  
        this.state = state;  
    }  
  
    public State getState() {  
        return state;  
    }  
  
    public void setState(State state) {  
        this.state = state;  
    }  
  
    public void method() {  
        if (state.getValue().equals("state1")) {  
            state.method1();  
        } else if (state.getValue().equals("state2")) {  
            state.method2();  
        }  
    }  
}  
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        State state = new State();  
        Context context = new Context(state);  
          
        //設置第一種狀態  
        state.setValue("state1");  
        context.method();  
          
        //設置第二種狀態  
        state.setValue("state2");  
        context.method();  
    }  
}

訪問者模式（Visitor）

public interface Visitor {  
    public void visit(Subject sub);  
}  
public class MyVisitor implements Visitor {  
  
    @Override  
    public void visit(Subject sub) {  
        System.out.println("visit the subject："+sub.getSubject());  
    }  
}  
public interface Subject {  
    public void accept(Visitor visitor);  
    public String getSubject();  
} 
public class MySubject implements Subject {  
  
    @Override  
    public void accept(Visitor visitor) {  
        visitor.visit(this);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String getSubject() {  
        return "love";  
    }  
}  
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        Visitor visitor = new MyVisitor();  
        Subject sub = new MySubject();  
        sub.accept(visitor);      
    }  
}

輸出：visit the subject：love

該模式適用場景：如果我們想為一個現有的類增加新功能，不得不考慮幾個事情：1、新功能會不會與現有功能出現兼容性問題？2、以后會不會再需要添加？3、如果類不允許修改代碼怎么辦？面對這些問題，最好的解決方法就是使用訪問者模式，訪問者模式適用于數據結構相對穩定的系統，把數據結構和算法解耦

中介者模式（Mediator）

public interface Mediator {  
    public void createMediator();  
    public void workAll();  
}  

public class MyMediator implements Mediator {  
  
    private User user1;  
    private User user2;  
      
    public User getUser1() {  
        return user1;  
    }  
  
    public User getUser2() {  
        return user2;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void createMediator() {  
        user1 = new User1(this);  
        user2 = new User2(this);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void workAll() {  
        user1.work();  
        user2.work();  
    }  
}  
public abstract class User {  
      
    private Mediator mediator;  
      
    public Mediator getMediator(){  
        return mediator;  
    }  
      
    public User(Mediator mediator) {  
        this.mediator = mediator;  
    }  
  
    public abstract void work();  
}  
public class User1 extends User {  
  
    public User1(Mediator mediator){  
        super(mediator);  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public void work() {  
        System.out.println("user1 exe!");  
    }  
}  
public class User2 extends User {  
  
    public User2(Mediator mediator){  
        super(mediator);  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public void work() {  
        System.out.println("user2 exe!");  
    }  
}  
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Mediator mediator = new MyMediator();  
        mediator.createMediator();  
        mediator.workAll();  
    }  
}

解釋器模式（Interpreter）

public interface Expression {  
    public int interpret(Context context);  
} 
public class Plus implements Expression {  
  
    @Override  
    public int interpret(Context context) {  
        return context.getNum1()+context.getNum2();  
    }  
}  
public class Minus implements Expression {  
  
    @Override  
    public int interpret(Context context) {  
        return context.getNum1()-context.getNum2();  
    }  
}  
public class Context {  
      
    private int num1;  
    private int num2;  
      
    public Context(int num1, int num2) {  
        this.num1 = num1;  
        this.num2 = num2;  
    }  
      
    public int getNum1() {  
        return num1;  
    }  
    public void setNum1(int num1) {  
        this.num1 = num1;  
    }  
    public int getNum2() {  
        return num2;  
    }  
    public void setNum2(int num2) {  
        this.num2 = num2;  
    }  
      
      
} 
public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
  
        // 計算9+2-8的值  
        int result = new Minus().interpret((new Context(new Plus()  
                .interpret(new Context(9, 2)), 8)));  
        System.out.println(result);  
    }  
}
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