Android View 測量流程(Measure)源碼解析

前言

任何View要顯示在屏幕上,都需要經(jīng)過測量(measure)、布局(layout)、繪制(draw)三大流程,measure負(fù)責(zé)確定View的大小,layout負(fù)責(zé)確定View的位置,draw負(fù)責(zé)繪制View的內(nèi)容。這篇我們就先來通過源碼分析一下View的測量(measure)流程。源碼基于Android API 21。

測量由ViewRootImpl#performTraversals開始

在[由setContentView探究Activity加載流程]中,我們提到View三大工作流程是從ViewRootImpl#performTraversals方法開始的,其中performMeasure、performLayout、performDraw方法分別對應(yīng)了View的測量、布局、繪制。如下:

    private void performTraversals() {
        ...
        int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
        int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);

        performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        ...
        performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
        ...
        performDraw();
    }

    private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
        try {
            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

可以看到,在performMeasure方法中調(diào)用了 mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec),這里的mView其實是DecorView,它并沒有重寫measure方法,因為View#measure方法被final修飾,不可被重寫。因此我們看下View#measure方法。

    public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
          ······
          // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
                onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
          ······
    }

View#measure中又調(diào)用了onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)方法。并且DecorView重寫了onMeasure方法,在DecorView#onMeasure方法中主要是
進一步確定自己的widthMeasureSpecheightMeasureSpec,并調(diào)用super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)FrameLayout#onMeasure方法。

ViewGroup 的Measure過程

ViewGroup是一個抽象類,它并沒有重寫onMeasure方法,具體的實現(xiàn)交由子類去處理,如LinearLayout、RelativeLayout、FrameLayout,這是因為不同ViewGroup的布局特性和實現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)各異,無法統(tǒng)一處理。在這里我們以FrameLayout為例分析ViewGroup的測量過程。

FrameLayout#onMeasure

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        int count = getChildCount();//獲取子View的數(shù)量
        
        final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
                MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
                MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        mMatchParentChildren.clear();

        int maxHeight = 0;
        int maxWidth = 0;
        int childState = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
            if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
                final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                        child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
                maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                        child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
                childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
                if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                    if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                            lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                        mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Account for padding too
        maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
        maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

        // Check against our minimum height and width
        maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

        // Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
        final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
        if (drawable != null) {
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
        }

        setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
                        childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

        count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
        if (count > 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);

                final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                int childWidthMeasureSpec;
                int childHeightMeasureSpec;
                
                if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(getMeasuredWidth() -
                            getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground() -
                            lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin,
                            MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
                } else {
                    childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                            getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
                            lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
                            lp.width);
                }
                
                if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(getMeasuredHeight() -
                            getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground() -
                            lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin,
                            MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
                } else {
                    childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
                            getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
                            lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
                            lp.height);
                }

                child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

View的Measure過程

先來看下View中的measure方法

    /**
     * <p>
     * The actual measurement work of a view is performed in
     * {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, called by this method. Therefore, only
     * {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} can and must be overridden by subclasses.
     * </p>
     */
    public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
          ······
          // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
                onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
          ······
    }

可以看到此方法是final的,不可以被重寫,并且注釋中也表明實際的測量工作是在onMeasure方法中進行的,所以我們直接看onMeasure方法即可。

    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

setMeasureDimension方法其實是用來存儲View最終的測量大小的。這個方法我們稍后分析,先來看下getDefaultSize這個方法。

    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

這個方法是用來確定View最終測量大小的。由View自身的measureSpec(測量規(guī)則)獲取specMode(測量模式)和specSize(測量大小),當(dāng)specMode為AT_MOST、EXACTLY這兩種模式時,返回的大小就是此View的測量大小。當(dāng)specMode為UNSPECIFIED時,返回大小是getSuggestedMinimumWidth和getSuggestedMinimumHeight這兩個方法的返回值。

    protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
    }

    protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }

這兩個方法原理是一樣的,這里選擇getSuggestedMinimumWidth來分析。

首先判斷View有沒有設(shè)置背景,如果沒有,則返回mMinWidh,mMinWidth對應(yīng)于android:minWidth這個屬性對應(yīng)的值,如果沒有指定這個屬性值,則默認(rèn)為0。

如果設(shè)置了背景,則返回mMinWidth和 getMinimumWidth返回值之間的最大值。

    public int getMinimumWidth() {
        final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
        return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
    }

在getMinimumWidth方法中,getIntrinsicWidth得到是背景的原始高度,如果背景原始高度大于0,則返回背景的原始高度,否則返回0。

至此getDefaultSize方法具體返回值就確定了,View最終的測量大小也就確定了。

注意
當(dāng)自定義View時,如果直接繼承了View,在必要的時候需要重寫onMeasure方法并在其中對wrap_content的情況進行處理。這是為什么呢?

從getDefaultSize方法中可以看到,當(dāng)specMode為AT_MOST時,返回的大小為specSize,這個specSize其實是父View的大小,如果這里不明白,可以參考Android中View測量之MeasureSpec普通View的MeasureSpec創(chuàng)建過程

當(dāng)確定了View的最終測量大小后,會把測量的寬高作為參數(shù)傳入setMeasuredDimension方法。

    /**
     * <p>This method must be called by {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to store the
     * measured width and measured height. Failing to do so will trigger an
     * exception at measurement time.</p>
     */
    protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
        ......
        setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
        ......
    }
    private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
        mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
        mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;

        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    }

看注釋就可以明白,其實這個方法就是用來存儲測量的寬和高,并且如果沒有設(shè)置這個方法,測量時將會產(chǎn)生異常。
其內(nèi)部通過setMeasuredDimensionRaw方法會將View的最終測量寬高賦值給變量mMeasuredWidth,mMeasuredHeight進行存儲。
另外我們可以通過getMeasuredWidth,getMeasuredHeight方法得到mMeasuredWidth、mMeasuredHeight對應(yīng)的值,即View的最終的測量寬高。如下:

    public final int getMeasuredWidth() {
        return mMeasuredWidth & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
    }

    public final int getMeasuredHeight() {
        return mMeasuredHeight & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
    }

至此View的measure過程就分析完了,不過這里的View指的是像TextView、ImageView、Button這中不能含有子View的View,如果是一個ViewGroup類型的View,像LinearLayout、RelativeLayout、FrameLayout可以包含多個子View,那么它的measure過程又是怎樣的,我們接著分析ViewGroup的measure過程。

ViewGroup的Measure過程

ViewGroup是一個抽象類,它并沒有重寫onMeasure方法,具體的實現(xiàn)交由子類去處理,如LinearLayout、RelativeLayout、FrameLayout,這是因為不同ViewGroup的布局特性和實現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)各異,無法統(tǒng)一處理。對于ViewGroup,它不但要測量自身大小,還要去測量每個子View的大小,我們先來分析一下ViewGroup中measureChildren方法,看它是如何測量子View的,如下:

    protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        final int size = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            final View child = children[i];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

這個方法比較清晰,首先獲取子View的數(shù)量,然后遍歷子View,最后調(diào)用measureChild方法。

    protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

在measureChild方法中先獲取了子View的布局參數(shù),然后通過父View的MeasureSpec、和子View的布局參數(shù)經(jīng)過getChildMeasureSpec方法創(chuàng)建子View的MeasureSpec,這個方法已經(jīng)在Android中View測量之MeasureSpec中做了詳細(xì)介紹,當(dāng)確定了子View的MeasureSpec后,就可以測量子View的大小了,接著調(diào)用子View的measure方法。至此,測量過程就從父View傳遞到了子View了。如果子View也是個ViewGroup將會重復(fù)ViewGroup的Measure過程,如果子View是單個View,將執(zhí)行View的Measure過程,如此反復(fù),就完成了整個View樹的測量。

那ViewGroup具體是怎么確定自身最終測量大小的呢,下面我們以LiearLayout為例,來分析一下其onMeasure方法。

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        } else {
            measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }

我們以豎直方向為例,來看下measureVertical方法的主要內(nèi)容。

        ...
        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
            ...
            measureChildBeforeLayout(
                       child, i, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec,
                       totalWeight == 0 ? mTotalLength : 0);
            ...
            final int childHeight = child.getMeasuredHeight();
            final int totalLength = mTotalLength;
            mTotalLength = Math.max(totalLength, totalLength + childHeight + lp.topMargin +lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child));
            ...
            final int margin = lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
            final int measuredWidth = child.getMeasuredWidth() + margin;
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, measuredWidth);
            ...
        }

        ...
        // Add in our padding
        mTotalLength += mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom;

        int heightSize = mTotalLength;

        // Check against our minimum height
        heightSize = Math.max(heightSize, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
        // Reconcile our calculated size with the heightMeasureSpec
        int heightSizeAndState = resolveSizeAndState(heightSize, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
        heightSize = heightSizeAndState & MEASURED_SIZE_MASK;
        ...
        maxWidth += mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight;

        // Check against our minimum width
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

        setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                heightSizeAndState);

上述代碼做了如下工作:

  • 遍歷LinearLayout中的所有子View,并調(diào)用measureChildBeforeLayout方法,這個方法內(nèi)部會調(diào)用measureChildWithMargins(這個方法和上文提到的measureChild方法原理一樣,只不過在創(chuàng)建子View的MeasureSpec的時候考慮了子View的margin)方法,接著在measureChildWithMargins內(nèi)部會執(zhí)行子View的measure方法來測量子View的大小。
  • 當(dāng)子View測量完畢后,就可以通過getMeasuredWidth方法獲取子View的測量寬度,并且用變量maxWidth來存儲所有子View中(狀態(tài)為View.Gone的除外)child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin + mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight 中的最大值;
    通過getMeasuredHeight方法獲取子View的測量高度,并用變量mTotalLength來存儲所有子View(狀態(tài)為View.Gone的除外)的childHeight + lp.topMargin +lp.bottomMargin + getNextLocationOffset(child) + mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom之和;
  • 最后執(zhí)行resolveSizeAndState方法最終確定自身測量大小。
    public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize =  MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (specSize < size) {
                result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
            } else {
                result = size;
            }
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result | (childMeasuredState&MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
    }
  • 水平方向上,如果LinearLayout的寬度為match_parent 或具體的數(shù)值(MeasureSpec.EXACTLY),則LinearLayout的寬度就為自身測量規(guī)則確定的大小,如果LinearLayout的寬度為wrap_parent(MeasureSpec.AT_MOST),則LinearLayout的高度就為所有子View中占用水平空間最大的那個View所占空間大小加上LinearLayout自身的水平方向上的padding,但是大小仍然不會超過父View的寬度。
  • 在豎直方向上,如果LinearLayout的高度為match_parent 或具體的數(shù)值(MeasureSpec.EXACTLY),則LinearLayout的高度就為自身測量規(guī)則確定的大小,如果LinearLayout的高度為wrap_parent(MeasureSpec.AT_MOST),則LinearLayout的高度就為所有子View占用的空間大小加上LinearLayout自身的豎直方向上的padding,但是大小仍然不會超過父View的高度。

以上就是ViewGroup的measure過程。

至此,measure篇就講完了,真心希望對各位猿寶寶在measure過程的理解上有所幫助!!!

若文中有錯誤或表述不當(dāng)?shù)牡胤竭€望指出,多多交流,共同進步。

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