在開始寫頁面切換效果前,首先要介紹一下css3的animation模塊,在css中定義如下
div.a {
animation: bounce 0.25s forward;
}
css3的animation定義可以聲明關鍵名,動畫時間,動畫插值方式,動畫的延遲以及動畫完畢后的狀態以及動畫次數。
然后定義關鍵幀
@keyframes bounce {
0% {
transform: translate(0, 20px);
}
100% {
transform: translate(0, 100px);
}
}
這樣子,就用css3定義完了一個動畫。
然后通過js可以監聽css3動畫事件,然后控制動畫,分別為animationstart, animationiteration animationend和animationcancel
animationstart事件在動畫開始的時候觸發
animationiteration事件在動畫的時候每隔一段時間觸發
animationend事件在動畫結束時觸發
animationcancel事件在動畫未結束突然改變css導致的動畫停止時觸發。
現在開始設計切換模型,如下圖,圖一為切換頁面入場動畫, 圖二為出場動畫。
我們首先設置默認值,這里設置開始給全局body定義了一個app的類, 然后把改動的放置動態容器定義為app-change類, 預備的容器為app-back類, 在改變時,將動態容器和預備容器的類名為change-state類。
圖一中,動態容器changeDom加入縮小隱藏page-out類, 預備容器backDom加入左移覆蓋page-in類。
圖二中,動態容器changeDom加入右移隱藏page-in-reverse類, 預備容器backDom加入放大覆蓋page-out-reverse類。
首先現在css文件夾中新增一個app.css文件, 然后全局定義默認類別的, 如下代碼
body.app {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-around;
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
.app-change,
.app-back {
box-sizing: border-box;
background: white;
}
.app-change {
width: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
.app-back {
width: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
position: absolute;
z-index: -1;
transform: translate(100vw, 0);
top: 0;
}
.change-state {
overflow: hidden;
}
[data-action="page-in"],
[data-action="page-in-reverse"] {
position: absolute;
box-sizing: border-box;
background: white;
animation: page-in .25s forwards;
}
[data-action="page-in-reverse"] {
position: absolute;
box-sizing: border-box;
background: white;
animation: page-in .10s forwards;
top: 0px;
}
[data-action="page-in"] {
z-index: 2;
}
[data-action="page-out-reverse"] {
z-index: -1;
}
[data-action="page-in-reverse"] {
animation: page-in-reverse .25s forwards;
}
[data-action="page-out"] {
animation: page-out .1s forwards ease-out;
}
[data-action="page-out-reverse"] {
animation: page-out-reverse .25s forwards ease-out;
}
@keyframes page-in {
0% {
transform: translate(100vw, 0);
}
100% {
transform: translate(0, 0);
}
}
@keyframes page-in-reverse {
0% {
transform: translate(0, 0);
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
transform: translate(100vw, 0);
opacity: 0.5;
}
}
@keyframes page-out {
0% {
opacity: 1;
transform: scale(1, 1);
}
100% {
opacity: 0.5;
transform: scale(0.5, 0.5);
}
}
@keyframes page-out-reverse {
0% {
opacity: 0.5;
transform: scale(0.5, 0.5);
}
100% {
opacity: 1;
transform: scale(1, 1);
}
}
然后修改app.js文件,修改app的構造函數, 增加默認動畫,以及backDom和changeDom的容器
function App(options) {
options = options || {};
App.extend(options, {
appClass: "app",
changeClass: "app-change",
backClass: "app-back",
changeState: "change-state",
pageInReverse: "page-in-reverse",
pageOutReverse: "page-out-reverse",
pageIn: "page-in",
pageOut: "page-out"
});
this.options = options;
this.currentPage = null;
this.staticPage = null;
this.pageContainer = null;
this.backDom = null;
this.changeDom = null;
this.routeObj = {};
}
修改initilaize的方法,這里面創建changeDom和backDom,放在布局頁面中,然后將初始頁放置backDom中
initialize: function (staticPage, indexPage) {
var options = this.options;
staticPage = this.staticPage = staticPage || App.emptyPage;
var that = this;
staticPage.render(function (html) {
var body = document.body;
body.classList.add(options.appClass);
body.insertAdjacentHTML("afterbegin", html);
staticPage._initialize(body);
if (staticPage.domList.pageContainer) {
that.pageContainer = staticPage.domList.pageContainer;
}
else {
console.error("staticPage must have pageContainer");
}
that._createOptionDom();
that.render(indexPage, true);
window.addEventListener("popstate", function (ev) {
if (ev.state && ev.state.data) {
var url = ev.state.data;
var page = that.routeObj[url];
that._renderPage(page);
}
}, false);
});
},
初始化中添加了_createOptionDom方法, 添加兩個放置頁面的容器。
_createOptionDom: function () {
var options = this.options;
this.changeDom = document.createElement("div");
this.changeDom.className = options.changeClass;
this.backDom = document.createElement("div");
this.backDom.className = "";
this.pageContainer.appendChild(this.changeDom);
this.pageContainer.appendChild(this.backDom);
},
修改_renderPage方法,將更改的Page實例對象放置在backDom中,然后調用_replaceDom()方法
_renderPage: function (page) {
if (this.currentPage) this.currentPage._dispose();
this.currentPage = page;
page.app = this;
var that = this;
document.title = page.title;
var backDom = this.backDom;
page.render(function (html) {
backDom.innerHTML = html;
that._replaceDom();
page._initialize(backDom);
});
},
接著開啟動畫,監聽動畫的事件, 在動畫結束后和動畫取消后取消動畫事件的監聽, 動畫結束后調整布局, _replaceDom方法的代碼如下
_replaceDom: function () {
var options = this.options;
var that = this;
this.backDom.className = options.backClass;
var tempDom = this.backDom;
this.backDom = this.changeDom;
this.changeDom = tempDom;
this.pageContainer.classList.add(options.changeState);
if (this.isRenderBack) {
this.backDom.dataset.action = options.pageInReverse;
this.changeDom.dataset.action = options.pageOutReverse;
}
else {
this.backDom.dataset.action = options.pageOut;
this.changeDom.dataset.action = options.pageIn;
}
this.isRenderBack = false;
var changeDom = this.changeDom;
var changeHandler = function (ev) {
changeDom.className = options.changeClass;
changeDom.dataset.action = "";
that.backDom.dataset.action = "";
that.backDom.className = "";
that.backDom.innerHTML = "";
that.pageContainer.classList.remove("options.changeState");
changeDom.removeEventListener("animationend", changeHandler, false);
changeDom.removeEventListener("animationcancel", cancelHandler, false);
}
var cancelHandler = function (ev) {
changeDom.removeEventListener("animationend", changeHandler, false);
changeDom.removeEventListener("animationcancel", cancelHandler, false);
}
changeDom.addEventListener("animationend", changeHandler, false);
changeDom.addEventListener("animationcancel", cancelHandler, false);
}
這時候調用render會默認圖1所示的動畫方式,新增renderBack方法, 讓頁面以圖2的動畫方式切換,如下代碼
renderBack: function (page, isBack) {
this.isRenderBack = true;
this.render(page, isBack);
},
定義完動畫后,修改各個頁面的切換頁面代碼,entry.js的代碼如下
var entryPage = App.createPage("entry", "/serve/entry", {
render: function (fn) {
this.fetch("/public/serve/html/entry.html", function (text) {
fn(text);
});
},
getDomObj: function (dom) {
this.attachDom(".btn-group", "btnGroup", dom)
.attachDom(".index-container", "container", dom)
.attachSlide("container", this.startFn, this.moveFn, this.endFn)
.attachTap("btnGroup", this.tapHandler, false);
},
tapHandler: function (ev) {
var target = ev.target;
var action = target.dataset.action;
switch (action) {
case "register":
app.renderBack(registerPage);
break;
case "login":
app.render(loginPage);
break;
}
},
startFn: function (ev) {},
moveFn: function (ev) {},
endFn: function (ev) {
var speed = 1000 * ev.deltaX / ev.elapsed;
if (speed > 200) {
app.renderBack(registerPage);
}
else if (speed < -200) {
app.render(loginPage);
}
}
});
login.js的代碼
var loginPage = App.createPage("login", "/serve/login", {
render: function (fn) {
this.fetch("/public/serve/html/login.html", function (text) {
fn(text);
});
},
getDomObj: function (dom) {
this.attachDom("[data-action='back']", "backBtn", dom)
.attachDom(".login-form", "form", dom)
.attachDom(".login-container", "container", dom)
.attachSlide("container", this.startFn, this.moveFn, this.endFn)
.attachTap("backBtn", this.tapBackHandler, false)
.attachEvent("form", "submit", this.formSubmitHandler, false);
},
tapBackHandler: function (ev) {
app.renderBack(entryPage);
},
formSubmitHandler: function (ev) {
ev.preventDefault();
var form = ev.target;
var name = form.name.value;
var password = form.password.value;
app.render(goalPage);
},
startFn: function (ev) {},
moveFn: function (ev) {},
endFn: function (ev) {
var speed = 1000 * ev.deltaX / ev.elapsed;
if (speed > 200) {
app.renderBack(entryPage);
}
}
});
regiseter的代碼
render: function (fn) {
this.fetch("/public/serve/html/register.html", function (text) {
fn(text);
});
},
getDomObj: function (dom) {
this.attachDom("[data-action='back']", "backBtn", dom)
.attachDom(".register-form", "form", dom)
.attachDom(".register-container", "container", dom)
.attachSlide("container", this.startFn, this.moveFn, this.endFn)
.attachTap("backBtn", this.tapBackHandler, false)
.attachEvent("form", "submit", this.submitHandler, false);
},
tapBackHandler: function (ev) {
app.render(entryPage);
},
submitHandler: function (ev) {
ev.preventDefault();
var form = ev.target;
var name = form.name.value;
var password = form.password.value;
var agree = form.agree.checked;
if (agree) {
app.render(goalPage);
}
},
startFn: function (ev) {},
moveFn: function (ev) {},
endFn: function (ev) {
var speed = 1000 * ev.deltaX / ev.elapsed;
if (speed < -200) {
app.render(entryPage);
}
}
});
加入了頁面切換功能后,感覺整個單頁面突然高大上起來了, 通過滑動來切換頁面,讓web頁面更像一個真正的原生app。
總結: 這里使用了css3的animation來做動畫效果, 通過切換類來改變切換效果。這里也可以改變App構造函數的options,來改變符合自己的風格切換效果。 這里只是對css3的animation的初步嘗試,還有非常的應用可供挖掘。雖然看起來不錯,當時點擊瀏覽器自帶的前進后退(或者調用原生的history.back()和history.forward())的時候, 發現動畫不統一了, 下一篇將解決這個問題。
后續更新:下一篇就是為了解決原生后退前進導致動畫不統一的問題,將引入新的History對象, 讓它與瀏覽器的history記錄一一對應,然后判斷選擇對應的切換效果。
請用移動設備打開該案例
案例鏈接
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)1——傳統頁面的開發
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)2——Page對象
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)3——App對象
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)4——tap事件與slide事件
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)5——nodejs服務器的搭建
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)6——history api應用
原生開發移動web單頁面(step by step)8——History對象