原文:http://www.myexception.cn/operating-system/2052286.html
iOS開發之藍牙通訊
一、引言
藍牙是設備近距離通信的一種方便手段,在iPhone引入藍牙4.0后,設備之間的通訊變得更加簡單。相關的藍牙操作由專門的CoreBluetooth.framework進行統一管理。通過藍牙進行通訊交互分為兩方,一方為中心設備central,一方為外設peripheral,外設通過廣播的方式向外發送信息,中心設備檢索到外設發的廣播信息,可以進行配對連接,進而進行數據交互。
二、中心設備CBCentralManager
CBCentralManager是管理中心設備的管理類,其中重要方法如下:
//設置中心設備代理@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) iddelegate;//中心設備當前狀態@property(readonly) CBCentralManagerState state;//中心設備是否正在掃描@property(readonly) BOOL isScanning NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);
其中state是一個枚舉,有關藍牙是否可用的狀態如下:
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCentralManagerState) {//狀態未知CBCentralManagerStateUnknown =0,//連接斷開 即將重置CBCentralManagerStateResetting,//該平臺不支持藍牙CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported,//未授權藍牙使用 hovertree.comCBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized,//藍牙關閉CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff,//藍牙正常開啟CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn,
};
下面這些方法用于初始化管理中心:
//初始化方法//設置的代理需要遵守CBCentralManagerDelegate協議//queue可以設置藍牙掃描的線程 傳入nil則為在主線程中進行- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegatequeue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue;//此方法同上 在options字典中用于進行一些管理中心的初始化屬性設置//字典中支持的鍵值如下http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng//*NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionShowPowerAlertKey 對應一個NSNumber類型的bool值,用于設置是否在關閉藍牙時彈出用戶提示
NSString * const CBCentralManagerOptionRestoreIdentifierKey 對應一個NSString對象,設置管理中心的標識符ID*/- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegatequeue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue
options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;
//根據獲取所有已知設備- (NSArray *)retrievePeripheralsWithIdentifiers:(NSArray *)identifiers;//根據服務id獲取所有連接的設備 hovertree.com- (NSArray *)retrieveConnectedPeripheralsWithServices:(NSArray *)serviceUUIDs;
在初始化管理中心完成后,會回調代理中的如下方法,我們必須實現如下方法:
//這個方法中可以獲取到管理中心的狀態- (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;
如果上面方法中管理中心狀態為藍牙可用,可以通過下面方法開啟掃描外設:
//serviceUUIDs用于掃描一個特點ID的外設 options用于設置一些掃描屬性 鍵值如下/*//是否允許重復掃描 對應NSNumber的bool值,默認為NO,會自動去重
NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionAllowDuplicatesKey;
//要掃描的設備UUID 數組 對應NSArray hovertree.com
NSString *const CBCentralManagerScanOptionSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey;*/- (void)scanForPeripheralsWithServices:(nullable NSArray *)serviceUUIDs options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;
//停止掃描外設- (void)stopScan;
掃描的結果會在如下代理方法中回掉:
//peripheral 掃描到的外設//advertisementData是外設發送的廣播數據//RSSI 是信號強度http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
掃描到外設后,通過下面方法可以連接一個外設:
/*options中可以設置一些連接設備的初始屬性鍵值如下
//對應NSNumber的bool值,設置當外設連接后是否彈出一個警告
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnConnectionKey;
//對應NSNumber的bool值,設置當外設斷開連接后是否彈出一個警告
NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey;
//對應NSNumber的bool值,設置當外設暫停連接后是否彈出一個警告http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/NSString *const CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnNotificationKey;*/- (void)connectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;//取消一個外設的連接- (void)cancelPeripheralConnection:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
調用過連接外設的方法后,會回掉如下代理方法:
//連接外設成功- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;//連接外設失敗- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;//斷開外設連接- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;
當管理中心恢復時會調用如下代理:
1//dict中會傳入如下鍵值對 hovertree.com2/*3//恢復連接的外設數組4NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStatePeripheralsKey;5//恢復連接的服務UUID數組6NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanServicesKey;7//恢復連接的外設掃描屬性字典數組8NSString *const CBCentralManagerRestoredStateScanOptionsKey;9*/10- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central willRestoreState:(NSDictionary *)dict;
三、外設CBPeripheralManager
從上面我們知道,中心設備是用來掃描周圍的外設,兩臺設備的通訊中,必須有一個充當中心設備,一個充當外設,外設是由CBPeripheralManager進行管理,主要方法如下:
1//設置外設管理中心代理2@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) iddelegate;3//外設狀態 枚舉如中心設備4@property(readonly) CBPeripheralManagerState state;5//是否正在發送廣播6@property(readonly) BOOL isAdvertising;7//用戶的授權狀態8+(CBPeripheralManagerAuthorizationStatus)authorizationStatus;9//初始化并設置代理 參數的具體含義與中心設備管理中心10- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegate11queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t);12- (instancetype)initWithDelegate:(nullable id)delegate13queue:(nullable dispatch_queue_t)queue14options:(nullable NSDictionary *)options;15//開始發送廣播 hovertree.com? 何問起16//advertisementData中可以發送的數據有約定 如下17/*18對應設置NSString類型的廣播名19NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataLocalNameKey;20外設制造商的NSData數據21NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataManufacturerDataKey;22外設制造商的CBUUID數據23NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceDataKey;24服務的UUID與其對應的服務數據字典數組25NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataServiceUUIDsKey;26附加服務的UUID數組27NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataOverflowServiceUUIDsKey;28外設的發送功率 NSNumber類型29NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataTxPowerLevelKey;30外設是否可以連接31NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataIsConnectable;32服務的UUID數組33NSString *const CBAdvertisementDataSolicitedServiceUUIDsKey;34*/35- (void)startAdvertising:(nullable NSDictionary *)advertisementData;36//停止發送廣播37- (void)stopAdvertising;38//設置一個連接的具體central設備的延時 枚舉如下39/*40typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency) {41CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyLow = 0,42CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyMedium,43CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatencyHigh44} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0);45*/46- (void)setDesiredConnectionLatency:(CBPeripheralManagerConnectionLatency)latency forCentral:(CBCentral *)central;47//添加一個服務http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/48- (void)addService:(CBMutableService *)service;49//移除一個服務50- (void)removeService:(CBMutableService *)service;51//移除所有服務52- (void)removeAllServices;53//響應中心設備的讀寫請求54- (void)respondToRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request withResult:(CBATTError)result;55//更新一個連接中心設備的訂閱特征值56- (BOOL)updateValue:(NSData *)value forCharacteristic:(CBMutableCharacteristic *)characteristic onSubscribedCentrals:(nullable NSArray *)centrals;
外設代理的相關方法如下:
1//這個方法是必須實現的 狀態可用后可以發送廣播2- (void)peripheralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;3//連接回復時調用的方法 和centralManager類似4- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral willRestoreState:(NSDictionary *)dict;5//開始發送廣播時調用的方法6- (void)peripheralManagerDidStartAdvertising:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error;7//添加服務調用的回調8- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didAddService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;9//當一個central設備訂閱一個特征值時調用的方法10- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didSubscribeToCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;11//取消訂閱一個特征值時調用的方法12- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral central:(CBCentral *)central didUnsubscribeFromCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;13//收到讀請求時觸發的方法 何問起 hovertree.com14- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveReadRequest:(CBATTRequest *)request;15//收到寫請求時觸發的方法16- (void)peripheralManager:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral didReceiveWriteRequests:(NSArray *)requests;17//外設準備更新特征值時調用的方法18- (void)peripheralManagerIsReadyToUpdateSubscribers:(CBPeripheralManager *)peripheral;
四、中心設備與外設對象CBCentral與CBPeripheral
上面介紹了中心設備管理類與外設管理類,這些類用于將設備連接建立起來,器具的數據交換的服務和一些信息則是在對應的設備對象中。
1、中心設備 CBCentral屬性與方法
//設備UUID@property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUUID *identifier;//中心設備最大接收的數據長度@property(readonly, nonatomic) NSUInteger maximumUpdateValueLength;
2、外設CAPeripheral屬性與方法
外設對象要比中心對象復雜的多,當centralManager連接到外設后,需要通過外設對象的代理方法進行數據交互,其中主要方法屬性如下:
1//設置代理2@property(assign, nonatomic, nullable) iddelegate;3//外設name4@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSString *name;5//信號強度http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/6@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSNumber *RSSI NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0);7//外設狀態8/*9typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBPeripheralState) {10CBPeripheralStateDisconnected = 0,//未連接11CBPeripheralStateConnecting,//正在鏈接12CBPeripheralStateConnected,//已經連接13CBPeripheralStateDisconnecting NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0),//正在斷開連接14} NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);15*/16@property(readonly) CBPeripheralState state;17//所有的服務數組18@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *services;19//獲取當前信號強度20- (void)readRSSI;21//根據服務UUID尋找服務對象22- (void)discoverServices:(nullable NSArray *)serviceUUIDs;23//在服務對象UUID數組中尋找特定服務24- (void)discoverIncludedServices:(nullable NSArray *)includedServiceUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;25//在一個服務中尋找特征值26- (void)discoverCharacteristics:(nullable NSArray *)characteristicUUIDs forService:(CBService *)service;27//從一個特征中讀取數據28- (void)readValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;29//寫數據的最大長度 hovertree.com? 何問起30//type枚舉如下31/*32typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, CBCharacteristicWriteType) {33CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse = 0,//寫數據并且接收成功與否回執34CBCharacteristicWriteWithoutResponse,//寫數據不接收回執35};36*/37-(NSUInteger)maximumWriteValueLengthForType:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 9_0);38//向某個特征中寫數據39- (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic type:(CBCharacteristicWriteType)type;40//為制定的特征值設置監聽通知41- (void)setNotifyValue:(BOOL)enabled forCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;42//尋找特征值的描述43- (void)discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic;44//讀取特征的描述值45- (void)readValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;46//寫特征的描述值47- (void)writeValue:(NSData *)data forDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor;
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外設的代理方法如下:
1//外設名稱更改時回調的方法2- (void)peripheralDidUpdateName:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0);3//外設服務變化時回調的方法4- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didModifyServices:(NSArray *)invalidatedServices NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 7_0);5//信號強度改變時調用的方法6- (void)peripheralDidUpdateRSSI:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_DEPRECATED(NA, NA, 5_0, 8_0);7//讀取信號強度回調的方法 柯樂義 keleyi.com8- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didReadRSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI error:(nullable NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE(NA, 8_0);9//發現服務時調用的方法10- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(nullable NSError *)error;11//在服務中發現子服務回調的方法12- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverIncludedServicesForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;13//發現服務的特征值后回調的方法14- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(nullable NSError *)error;15//特征值更新時回調的方法16- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;17//向特征值寫數據時回調的方法18- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;19//特征值的通知設置改變時觸發的方法20- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateNotificationStateForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;21//發現特征值的描述信息觸發的方法22- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(nullable NSError *)error;23//特征的描述值更新時觸發的方法24- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;25//寫描述信息時觸發的方法26- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didWriteValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(nullable NSError *)error;
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五、服務對象CBService
服務對象是用來管理外設提供的一些數據服務的,其中屬性如下:
//對應的外設@property(assign,readonly, nonatomic) CBPeripheral *peripheral;//是否是初等服務@property(readonly, nonatomic) BOOL isPrimary;//包含的自服務http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *includedServices;//服務中的特征值@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *characteristics;
六、服務的特征值CBCharacteristic
通過綁定服務中的特征值來進行數據的讀寫操作,其中屬性如下:
//對應的服務對象@property(assign,readonly, nonatomic) CBService *service;//特征值的屬性 枚舉如下/*typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast,//允許廣播特征
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead,//可讀屬性
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse,//可寫并且接收回執
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite,//可寫屬性
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify,//可通知屬性
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate,//可展現的特征值
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites,//允許簽名的特征值寫入
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired
};*/@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristicProperties properties;//特征值的數據http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSData *value;//特征值的描述@property(retain,readonly, nullable) NSArray *descriptors;//是否是當前廣播的特征@property(readonly) BOOL isBroadcasted;//是否是正在通知的特征@property(readonly) BOOL isNotifying;
七、讀寫請求對象CBATTRequest
服務對象是外設向中心設備提供的相關數據服務,獲取到相應服務后,中心設備可以進行讀寫請求,讀寫對象屬性如下:
//對應的中心設備@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCentral *central;//對應的特征值@property(readonly, nonatomic) CBCharacteristic *characteristic;//讀寫數據值@property(readwrite, copy, nullable) NSData *value;
http://www.cnblogs.com/roucheng/p/texiao.html
本文小結:
iOS開發之藍牙通訊
一、引言
二、中心設備CBCentralManager
三、外設CBPeripheralManager
四、中心設備與外設對象CBCentral與CBPeripheral
1、中心設備 CBCentral屬性與方法
2、外設CAPeripheral屬性與方法
五、服務對象CBService
六、服務的特征值CBCharacteristic
七、讀寫請求對象CBATTRequest