Apache Solr 學習入門 (一)

Apache Solr 學習入門 (一)

學習環境：
OS：CentOS 7 mini
Apache Solr 6.3.0

Solr的安裝

  1. 從Solr Release Page 可以下載到過去的歷史版本。
  2. tar xzvf solr-6.3.0.tgz解壓到指定目錄下，就可以直接啟動了。如下命令可以啟動sample data：
${solr}/bin/solr start -e tecjproducts

Solritas UI : http://localhost:8983/solr/techproducts/browse

  1. solr的停止和重啟：
[solr@min02 solr63]$ bin/solr stop -p 8983  
[solr@min02 solr63]$ bin/solr restart

Solr Core 的準備

  1. core (solrbook) 的創建：
[solr@min02 solr63]$ bin/solr create_core -c solrbook -d basic_configs
Copying configuration to new core instance directory:
/mnt/apps/solr63/server/solr/solrbook
Creating new core 'solrbook' using command:
http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=CREATE&name=solrbook&instanceDir=solrbook
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":4950},
  "core":"solrbook"}
  1. solr core的重載：
[solr@min02 solr63]$ curl "http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=RELOAD&core=solrbook"
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<response>
<lst name="responseHeader"><int name="status">400</int><int name="QTime">194</int></lst><lst name="error"><lst name="metadata"><str name="error-class">org.apache.solr.common.SolrException</str><str name="root-error-class">org.apache.solr.common.SolrException</str></lst><str name="msg">Core with core name [solrbook] does not exist.</str><int name="code">400</int></lst>
</response>
[solr@min02 solr63]$

Schema的定義

  1. 通過Schema API新加schema.xml定義field：
[solr@min02 solr63]$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-type:application/json' --data-binary '{"add-field":{"name":"id","type":"string","indexed":"true","stored":"true","required":"true","multiValued":"false"}}' http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/schema
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":87},
  "errors":[{
      "add-field":{
        "name":"id",
        "type":"string",
        "indexed":"true",
        "stored":"true",
        "required":"true",
        "multiValued":"false"},
      "errorMessages":["Field 'id' already exists.\n"]}]}
[solr@min02 conf]$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-type:application/json' --data-binary '{"add-field":{"name":"title","type":"text_ja","indexed":"true","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"false"},"add-field":{"name":"sumamry","type":"text_ja","indexed":"true","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"false"}}' http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/schema
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":633}}
[solr@min02 conf]$ 
[solr@min02 conf]$ vi managed-schema 
[solr@min02 conf]$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-type:application/json' --data-binary '{"add-field":{"name":"author","type":"string","indexed":"false","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"true"},"add-field":{"name":"intended_reader","type":"string","indexed":"false","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"true"},"add-field":{"name":"genre","type":"string","indexed":"false","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"true"},"add-field":{"name":"isbn","type":"string","indexed":"false","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"true"}}' http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/schema
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":488}}
[solr@min02 conf]$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-type:application/json' --data-binary '{"add-field":{"name":"pub_date","type":"date","indexed":"true","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"false"}}' http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/schema
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":267}}
[solr@min02 conf]$ curl -X POST -H 'Content-type:application/json' --data-binary '{"add-field":{"name":"price","type":"tint","indexed":"true","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"false"},"add-field":{"name":"pages","type":"tint","indexed":"false","stored":"true","required":"false","multiValued":"false"}}' http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/schema
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":242}}

添加完后在schema.xml（6.x 是manage schema）中就可以看到定義的field了：

<field name="author" type="string" multiValued="true" indexed="false" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="genre" type="string" multiValued="true" indexed="false" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="id" type="string" multiValued="false" indexed="true" required="true" stored="true"/>
  <field name="intended_reader" type="string" multiValued="true" indexed="false" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="isbn" type="string" multiValued="true" indexed="false" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="pages" type="tint" multiValued="false" indexed="false" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="price" type="tint" multiValued="false" indexed="true" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="pub_date" type="date" multiValued="false" indexed="true" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="sumamry" type="text_ja" multiValued="false" indexed="true" required="false" stored="true"/>
  <field name="title" type="text_ja" multiValued="false" indexed="true" required="false" stored="true"/>

也可以導入配置好的solr_schema.json文件使之反應到schema定義文件中：  

curl -X POST -H 'Content-type:application/json' --data-binary @solrbook_schema.json http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/schema

文件的提交更新和刪除

  1. 添加文件，可以使用post tool和curl兩種方法：
    1. 使用post tool投入json/xml數據
    [solr@min02 solr63]$ bin/post -c solrbook /mnt/hgfs/shared/examples/ch03/json-sample.json 
java -classpath /mnt/apps/solr63/dist/solr-core-6.3.0.jar -Dauto=yes -Dc=solrbook -Ddata=files org.apache.solr.util.SimplePostTool /mnt/hgfs/shared/examples/ch03/json-sample.json
SimplePostTool version 5.0.0
Posting files to [base] url http://localhost:8983/solr/solrbook/update...
Entering auto mode. File endings considered are xml,json,jsonl,csv,pdf,doc,docx,ppt,pptx,xls,xlsx,odt,odp,ods,ott,otp,ots,rtf,htm,html,txt,log
POSTing file json-sample.json (application/json) to [base]/json/docs
1 files indexed.
COMMITting Solr index changes to http://localhost:8983/solr/solrbook/update...
Time spent: 0:00:01.210
    1. 使用curl投入json/xml數據
    [solr@min02 ch03]$ curl "http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/update?commit=true" --data-binary @json-sample.json -H 'Content-type:text/json; charset=utf-8'
{"responseHeader":{"status":0,"QTime":265}}
    1. 除此登錄方法之外還有可使用stream.file/stream.url 參數來直接傳遞本地文件登錄。前提是需要將solrconfig.xml中的設置<requestParsers enableRemoteStreaming="true"打開。
  2. 文件更新，id，unique key設定為前提，跟新加一樣，支持json/xml/csv的post和curl來更新：
curl "http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/update?commit=true" --data-binary @update.json -H 'Content-type:text/json; charset=utf-8'
bin/post -c solrbook ${EXAMPLE}/ch03/update.json
  1. 局部更新可以使用修飾子set，add(multiValue=true時候)，remove等記述在數據中，如下json文件格式：
[
 {"id": "http://sample.com/book?id=001",
  "title": {"set":"Apache Solr 入門 改訂"},
  "author": {"add":["西潟 一生"]}
 }
]
  1. 文檔的刪除有兩種方法，一是指定unique key刪除，二是使用query刪除：
{"delete":{"id":"http://sample.com/book?id=001"}}
{"delete":{"id":["http://sample.com/book?id=001","http://xxx"]}}
{"delete":{"query":"author:xxx"}}
  • post tool: 
    $ ${SOLR}/bin/post -c solrbook ${EXAMPLE}/ch03/del.json -format solr
  • curl: 
    $ curl "http://192.168.2.122:8983/solr/solrbook/update?commit=true" --data-binary @del.json -H 'Content-type:text/json; charset=utf-8'
  • commit=true 和 rollback=true
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