Day1
1.empirical
based on scientific testing orpracticalexperience, not on ideas?以科學實驗（經驗）為依據的;經驗主義的;
opp：theoretical,hypothetical:
empirical evidence/knowledge/research
2.reinforce
1)to give support to an opinion,
idea, or feeling, and make it stronger加強，強化〔觀點、思想或感覺〕:
2)to make part of a building,
structure, piece of clothing etc stronger加強，加固〔建筑的一部分、結構、衣服等〕
3)to make a group of people,
especially an army, stronger by adding
people, equipment etc增援，使更強大，加強…的力量〔尤指軍隊〕
3.falsify
to change figures, records etc so that theycontain false?information篡改，偽造〔數字、記錄等〕:
?The file was altered to falsify the evidence.文件被動了手腳來偽造證據。
4.comet
an object in space like a bright ball witha long tail, that moves?around the sun彗星
?Halley's comet哈雷彗星
5.speculative
1)based on guessing, not on?information or facts猜測的，猜想的:
highly / purely / largely speculative
?a purely?speculative theory about life on other?planets關于其他行星上存在生命的純屬猜測的理論
2)bought or done in the hope of?making a profit later投機的:
?speculative?investments投機性的投資
3)if you give someone a?speculative look, you look at them while?trying to guess something about them〔眼光〕揣摩的，忖度的
6.deflection轉向；偏離
[+ of ]
?the deflection of the missile away from its target導彈對目標的偏離
7.foil箔
8.artillery炮，大炮
artillery shell炮彈
9.tissue paper棉紙，薄紙
10.compelling
1)compelling reason / argument /case ?etc that makes you feel certain that something is true or that you must?do something about i t令人信服的理由/論點/論據等:
?Lucy had no?compelling reason to go into town.露西沒有充分的理由去鎮上。
?The courtwas presented with compelling evidence that?she'd murdered her husband.有人向法庭出示了令人信服的證據證明她謀殺了自己的丈夫。
2)very interesting or?exciting, so that you have to pay attention極為有趣的;令人激動的;引人入勝的:
?His life?makes a compelling story .他的一生是個引人入勝的故事。
3)compelling need / desire / urge?(to do sth) a strong need, desire etc to dosomething, making you feel that you?must do it強烈的需求/愿望/沖動（去做某事）:
?He felt a?compelling need to tell someone about his
idea.他感到有一種強烈的欲望要把這一想法告訴別人。
11.geocentric（以地球為中心的）universe地心說
12.four bodily humors平衡論
13.phlogiston（舊時人們人們認為存在于可燃物中的）燃素，熱素;
14.aether能媒
15.proceed
1)to continue to do something?that has already been planned or started繼續進行，繼續做;
?proceeds:[+ with ]
?The?government was determined to proceed with?the election.政府決心繼續進行選舉。
?Before?proceeding further, we must define our?terms.我們必須先給術語下定義，然后再繼續。
2)to continue繼續:
?Work is?proceeding according to plan .工作正在按計劃進行。
3)proceed to do sth to do?something after doing something elsefirst–used sometimes to?express surprise or annoyance接著做，繼而做〔有時用于表示感到意外或惱怒〕:
?Sammy took off his coat and proceeded to undo his?boots.薩米脫掉了外衣，接著又解開靴子。
4)always +adv / prep to move in a?particular direction〔向某一方向〕前進，移動:
[+ to / towards / into etc]
?Passengers?for Miami should proceed to gate 25.前往邁阿密的旅客請到25號登機口。
16.apparatus
1)the set of tools and machinesthat you use?for a particular scientific, medical, or technical purpose設備，儀器，裝置，器械 ;SYN：equipment
?Astronauts have special breathing apparatus.航天員有專門的呼吸裝置。
2)the way in which a lot of
people are organized to work together to doa job or control a company or
country機構，組織;SYNmachinery
?The tax will require a massive administrative apparatus.稅收需要大規模的行政機構。
?The state apparatus has become corrupt.國家機器已經腐敗。
?the apparatus of government政府機構
17.eclipse日食
18.crater
1)a round hole in the ground made
by something that has fallen on it or by an
explosion〔物體墜落、炸彈爆炸等在地上造成的〕坑:
?craters on the moon's surface月球表面的坑
2)the round open top of a VOLCANO火山口
19.supernova超新星
20.caliphate哈里發統治的國家（時期）
21.dissection解剖
22.alchemy
1)a science studied in the Middle?Ages, that involved trying to change?ordinary metals into gold煉金術
2)magic魔法，法術
23.combustion燃燒
24.periodic table of elements元素周期表
25.thermodynamics熱力學
26.divert
1)to change the use of something?such as time or money改變…的用途:
divert sth into / to / (away) from etc sth
?The company should divert more resources into research.這家公司應該把更多的資源用于研究。
2)to change the direction in?which something travels使轉向:
divert a river / footpath / road etc
?The high street is closed and traffic is being diverted.大街封閉，車輛改道。
3)if you divert your telephone?calls, you arrange for them to go directlyto another number, for example
because you are not able to answer them?yourself for some time轉移〔電話〕:
?Remember to divert your phone when you are out of the office.記住，離開辦公室要設定電話轉移。
4)to deliberately take someone's?attention from something by making them?think about or notice other things〔故意〕轉移，分散〔別人的注意力〕:
divert (sb's) attention (away from sb /sth)
?The crime crackdown is an attempt to divert attention from social
problems.此次打擊犯罪是為了把人們的注意力從社會問題上轉移開。
5)to amuse or entertain someone使得到消遣，供…娛樂
27.leap-frogging超越性的
leap-frogv.
to suddenly become better, more advanced?etc than people or organizations that werepreviously better than you〔一舉〕超越，越過:
28.particle collider粒子對撞機
29.chromosome染色體
科普知識：
1.α粒子散射實驗（a-particle
scattering experiment）又稱金箔實驗、Geiger-Marsden實驗或盧瑟福α粒子散射實驗引。是1909年漢斯·蓋革和恩斯特·馬斯登在歐內斯特·盧瑟福指導下于英國曼徹斯特大學做的一個著名物理實驗。
實驗用準直的α射線轟擊厚度為微米的金箔，發現絕大多數的α粒子都照直穿過薄金箔，偏轉很小，但有少數α粒子發生角度比湯姆生模型所預言的大得多的偏轉，大約有1/8000的α粒子偏轉角大于90°，甚至觀察到偏轉角等于150°的散射，稱大角散射，更無法用湯姆森模型說明。1911年盧瑟福提出原子的有核模型(又稱原子的核式結構模型），與正電荷聯系的質量集中在中心形成原子核，電子繞著核在核外運動，由此導出α粒子散射公式，說明了α粒子的大角散射。盧瑟福的散射公式后來被蓋革和馬斯登改進了的實驗系統地驗證。根據大角散射的數據可得出原子核的半徑上限為米[1]，此實驗開創了原子結構研究的先河。這個實驗推翻了J.J.湯姆森在1903年提出的原子的葡萄干圓面包模型，認為原子的正電荷和質量聯系在一起均勻連續分布于原子范圍，電子鑲嵌在其中，可以在其平衡位置作微小振動，為建立現代原子核理論打下了基礎。
2.Large Hadron Collider(LHC)大型強子對撞機是微觀粒子研究中使用的一套裝置，主要用于強子的研究，包括強子的光電特性、加速特性以及在特殊物理條件下產生的一系列連鎖反應等等
3.Higgs particle(Higgs boson)希格斯玻色子：粒子物理學標準模型預言的一種自旋為零的玻色子
Day2
Day3
After reading this passage, I havea basicunderstanding of science. Science sounds like an abstract idea which ishard tounderstand. But actually science can be described as an ongoing searchfor truthand the truth is the fruit of scientists and researchers’ arduous andlong-termwork. Galileo Galilei once said, all truths are easy to understand oncethey arediscovered, but the point is to discover them.
To discover the truth, scientistshave touse the right methods: making observations, forming a theory to explainwhat isgoing on and carry out an experiment to see whether the theory works.Then themost indispensable step is to invite peer review to pick holes. Alltheserequire patience, meticulousness, accuracy, and most importantly,perseverance.A scientist has to own the basic character—doubtnig all the thingsas far aspossible. Because in the voyage of seeking for truths, curiosity isjust like asail which is of momentous importance. Without it, humans would notbe likely tomake progress in science. For example, Isaac Newton, the famousscientist, discoveredgravity after being hit by a falling apple when sittingunder an apple tree. Hedoubted the reason and began to explore, succeeding infinding out the gravity.
We are now enjoying the fruit of scientificknowledgebased on previous explorations by scientists generation aftergeneration. Wemay not be a professional scientist, but we have to learn thespirit of sciencewhich is the essence of science itself and apply them to ourlife. May sometime, you can discover or invent something incredible! At leastin that way, wecan do things well!
